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        "title": "Advanced Image-based Transfer Function Design",
        "date": "2005-12",
        "abstract": "In volume visualization the de\fnition of transfer functions is a critical task\r\nfor the generation of informative images. We have the fact nowadays that\r\nthe complexity of the images increases. So the problems of designing proper\r\ntransfer functions are growing too. In this work an image-based approach\r\nis presented, which tries to simplify this task by providing multiple preview\r\nimages for di\u000berent function settings, so that the user can imagine more\r\neasily how the \fnal image will look like.",
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    {
        "id": "zotti-2005-AiD",
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        "title": "Kalender der Steinzeit",
        "date": "2005-11",
        "abstract": "Die Zugänge zu vielen Kreisgrabenanlagen sind zu Auf- und Untergangspunkten der Sonne zu speziellen Terminen wie Sonnwenden, Tag-/Nachtgleiche und genau zwischen diesen Terminen liegenden Daten ausgerichtet. Eine große Zahl zeigt auch Ausrichtung zum Aufgangspunkt der Pleiaden und Untergangspunkt des Antares. Dieses Ereignis am Morgenhimmel konnte als Startsignal für das bäuerliche Jahr verwendet werden.\n\nHINWEIS: In diesem kleinen Artikel ist leider ein Fehler passiert: Das Südosttor von Steinabrunn ist nicht zur Wintersonnwende, sondern zum \"Zwischentermin\" Anfang November/Anfang Februar orientiert.",
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        "journal": "Archäologie in Deutschland",
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        "keywords": [
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    {
        "id": "coto-2005-MAC",
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        "tu_id": null,
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        "title": "MammoExplorer: An Advanced CAD Application for Breast DCE-MRI",
        "date": "2005-11",
        "abstract": "Currently X-ray mammography is the most widely used method for early detection of breast cancer. However, the use of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced\r\nMRI (DCE-MRI) has gained wider attention, since it considerably improves tumor detection and classification by analyzing the flow of contrast agent within the breast tissue. In this paper we present MammoExplorer, a CAD application that combines advanced interaction, segmentation and visualization techniques to explore Breast DCE-MRI data. Our application uses Brushing and Linking, Two-level Volume Rendering, Importance-driven Volume Rendering, and False Color Maps. In addition, we present Enhancement\r\nScatterplots, a novel graphical representation of DCE-MRI data, novel segmentation approaches, and a new way to explore time-varying CE-MRI\r\ndata.",
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        "booktitle": "Proceedings of Vision, Modelling, and Visualization 2005",
        "date_from": "2005-11-16",
        "date_to": "2005-11-18",
        "editor": "G. Greiner, J. Hornegger, H. Niemann, M. Stamminger",
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        "location": "Erlangen, Germany",
        "pages_from": "91",
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        "keywords": [
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    {
        "id": "TOROMANOFF-2005-ASA",
        "type_id": "masterthesis",
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        "title": "An Adaptable Real-time Soft Shadow Algorithm for Multi-lit Semi-static Scenes",
        "date": "2005-11",
        "abstract": "Casted shadows are a crucial topic in 3D computer graphics. They have a major influence\r\non the realism and on the quality of rendered pictures. Moreover, without them, the relative\r\ndepth of the objects in a scene can often not be understood. But rendering high-quality\r\nshadows in real time is a challenging problem.\r\nThis report deals with the work done during an internship at Navigram BV. This\r\ncompany provides online 3D interactive solutions to the furniture and real estate industries.\r\nTheir products are based on a rendering engine that does not support shadowing. The aim of\r\nthis internship was therefore to implement shadowing in a real-time engine and this report\r\nexplains how we did it.\r\nWe will first describe the context of this master thesis and discuss the specificities that\r\ninfluenced our work. Then we will make a short introduction to shadowing and define the\r\nvocabulary used. The chapter IV consists in an overview of state-of-the-art shadowing\r\nmethods. Using some of the presented algorithms, we implemented the first shadowing\r\nmethods. They will be discussed in the fourth part of this report. But these basic techniques\r\ndid not provide the aimed level of quality so we had to improve them later on. Finally, we\r\nwill present the final rendering pipeline that is able to render high quality shadows in real\r\ntime by combining the various algorithms.",
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    {
        "id": "Zotti-2005-vis",
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        "title": "A Sky Dome Visualisation for Identification of Astronomical Orientations",
        "date": "2005-10",
        "abstract": "  It has long been known that ancient temples were frequently oriented along the cardinal directions or to certain points along the horizon where Sun or Moon rise or set on special days of the year.  In the last decades, archaeologists have found evidence of even older building structures buried in the soil, with doorways that also   appear to have distinct orientations.\n\n  This paper presents a novel diagram combining archaeological maps with a folded-apart, flattened view of the whole sky, showing the local horizon and the daily paths of sun, moon and brighter stars. By use of this diagram, interesting groupings of astronomical   orientation directions, e.g. to certain sunrise and sunset points   could be identified, which were evidently used to mark certain days\n  of the year. Orientations to a few significant stars very likely   indicated the beginning of the agricultural year in the middle\n  neolithic period.",
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        "booktitle": "Proceedings IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization",
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    {
        "id": "matkovic-2005-int",
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        "title": "Interactive Visual Analysis end Exploration of Injection Systems Simulations",
        "date": "2005-10",
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        "title": "Profile Flags: a Novel Metaphor for Probing of T2 Maps",
        "date": "2005-10",
        "abstract": "This paper describes a tool for the visualization of T2 maps of knee cartilage. Given the anatomical scan and the T2 map of the cartilage, we combine the information on the shape and the quality of the cartilage in a single image. The Profile Flag is an intuitive 3D glyph for probing and annotating of the underlying data. It comprises a bulletin board pin-like shape with a small flag on top of it. While moving the glyph along the reconstructed surface of an object, the curve data measured along the pin's needle and in its neighborhood are shown on the flag. The application area of the Profile Flag is manifold, enabling the visualization of profile data of dense but inhomogeneous objects. Furthermore, it extracts the essential part of the data without removing or even reducing the context information. By sticking Profile Flags into the investigated structure, one or more significant locations can be annotated by showing the local characteristics of the data at that locations. In this paper we are demonstrating the properties of the tool by visualizing T2 maps of knee cartilage.",
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        "booktitle": "Proceedings of IEEE Visualization 2005",
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        "abstract": "Segmentation of volumetric medical data is extremely time-consuming if done manually.\r\nThis is the reason why currently great efforts are being made to develop algorithms\r\nfor automatic segmentation. Model based techniques represent one very\r\npromising approach. A model representing the object of interest is matched with\r\nunknown data. During the matching process the model’s shape and additional properties\r\nare varied in order to iteratively improve the match. As soon as the model fits\r\nsufficiently well to the data, the properties of the model can be mapped to the data\r\nand so a segmentation is derived.\r\nRecently the segmentation of cardiac magnetic resonance images (MRI) has\r\nbeen of great interest. In this work we outline some of the methods proposed to\r\nsolve the problem of cardiac segmentation. We review Active Appearance Models\r\n(AAMs) which are a special type of deformable models. AAMs rule changes in\r\nshape and texture using statistical information obtained from a data base of representative\r\nexamples. We describe the theory behind AAMs with special focus on 3D\r\nAAMs. These are applicable to volumetric medical image data. Our implementation\r\nof 3D AAMs is outlined and the results obtained for 3D segmentation of the\r\nleft cardiac ventricle are presented.",
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        "title": "Computational Color Harmony based on Coloroid System",
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        "abstract": "The paper presents experimentally based rules and methods creating harmonic color sets. Firstly, dichromatic rules will be presented which concern color harmony relationships of only two hues. For an arbitrarily given hue pair, we define the textit{just harmonic} saturation values, resulting in just harmonic color pairs. These values express the fuzzy border between harmony and disharmony regions by a single scalar, most appropriately. \n\nSecondly, the value of harmony will be defined corresponding to the textit{contrast of lightness}, i.e. the difference of perceptual lightness values. \nThirdly, we formulate the harmony value of the textit{saturation contrast}, depending on hue and lightness. Results of these investigations form a basis for a unified, \ncoherent dichromatic harmony formula as well as for analysis of polychromatic color harmony. \n\nIntroduced color harmony rules are based on Coloroid, which is one of the $5-6$ main color-order systems and furthermore it is an textit{aesthetically uniform} continuous color space. \nColoroid has simple closed forward and backward transformation formulas with the color space of $CIE~XYZ$. It relies on a huge number of observations and experiments, and it is a very suitable tool of color dynamics for describing aesthetical relationships. \nIt had supported also numerous color plans of great architectural projects \nhaving been realized in the practice. \nThe experimental data and information to be retrieved from them are \njust partly processed and published so far. Our article utilizes a 'slice' of this database, \ntogether with additional complementary observations. \nThis paper is an issue of a planned series of articles, dealing with rules and coherences of color harmony based on the Coloroid system. ",
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        "abstract": "In this thesis several expressive visualization techniques for volumetric\r\ndata are presented. The key idea is to classify the underlying data according\r\nto its prominence on the resulting visualization by importance value.\r\nThe importance property drives the visualization pipeline to emphasize the most prominent features and to suppress the less relevant ones. The suppression can be realized globally, so the whole object is suppressed, or locally. A local modulation generates cut-away and ghosted views because the suppression of less relevant features occurs only on the part where the occlusion of more important features appears.\r\n\r\nFeatures within the volumetric data are classified according to a new dimension denoted as object importance. This property determines which structures should be readily discernible and which structures are less important. Next, for each feature various representations (levels of sparseness) from a dense to a sparse depiction are defined. Levels of\r\nsparseness define a spectrum of optical properties or rendering styles. The resulting image is generated by ray-casting and combining the intersected features proportional to their importance. An additional step\r\nto traditional volume rendering evaluates the areas of occlusion and assigns a particular level of sparseness. This step is denoted as importance compositing. Advanced schemes for importance compositing determine the resulting visibility of features and if the resulting visibility distribution does not correspond to the importance distribution different levels of sparseness are selected.\r\n\r\nThe applicability of importance-driven visualization is demonstrated on several examples from medical diagnostics scenarios, flow visualization,\r\nand interactive illustrative visualization.",
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        "abstract": "Virtual endoscopy is the navigation of a virtual camera through anatomy, computationally\r\nreconstructed from radiological data. Virtual endoscopy mimics physical minimally invasive\r\nsurgical activity and is used for diagnosis (e.g., the detection of colon polyps), planning\r\nof endoscopic interventions, postoperative assessment of surgical success and training for\r\ninexperienced endoscopists.\r\nThis thesis introduces STEPS, a virtual endoscopy system designed as a planning and training\r\ntool for endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, a method used to minimally invasively\r\nremove tumors of the pituitary gland. A rigid endoscope is inserted into the nose and\r\nadvanced through intracranial cavities towards the bony wall covering the pituitary gland.\r\nThis bone is then opened and the tumor is removed.\r\nSTEPS reconstructs the boundaries of the investigated cavities primarily using iso-surfacing\r\nin original CT data. Presegmented objects of interest can be added to the scene and displayed\r\nbehind the semi-transparent isosurface. These objects (e.g., the tumor, the pituitary\r\ngland and important blood vessels) provide an augmented picture of patient anatomy to\r\nguide the surgeon, aid in planning the endoscopic approach, and help the user find an ideal\r\nsite for actual surgical activity. Visual information can be further enhanced by display of\r\nrigid structures beyond the isosurface. The user can freely decide upon colors and lighting\r\nconditions.\r\nAll rendering techniques applied by STEPS are completely CPU-based, ensuring a high\r\namount of flexibility and hardware-independence. Nevertheless, rendering is efficient resulting\r\nin smooth interaction.\r\nSTEPS allows free navigation through the nasal and paranasal anatomy, but can also be used\r\nto simulate the movement parameters of the rigid endoscopes. This includes simulation of\r\nsurgical instruments and haptic feedback. Furthermore, STEPS allows the simulation of\r\nangled endoscopes and the simulation of barrel distortion as exhibited by real endoscope\r\noptics.\r\nThis thesis gives an overview about existing techniques and applications of virtual endoscopy,\r\nintroduces the field of application, and, in detail, describes STEPS, the required\r\npreprocessing, the rendering techniques and the user interface.",
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        "title": "Smart Visibility in Visualization",
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        "abstract": "In this paper we discuss expressive visualization techniques that smartly uncover the most important information\r\nin order to maximize the visual information of the underlying data. This is achieved through dynamic change in visual representations, through deformations, or through changing the spatial position of parts of the data. Such techniques originate from technical illustration and are called cut-away views, ghosted views, and exploded views. These illustrative techniques unveil the most important visual information by a high level of abstraction. The change in visual representation or spatial position is done in a way that is easily perceivable and the overall visual harmony is preserved.",
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        "abstract": "This paper presents experimentally based rules and methods for the creation of harmonic color sets. First, dichromatic\r\nrules are presented which concern the harmony relationships of two hues. For an arbitrarily given hue pair,\r\nwe de\u0002ne the just harmonic saturation values, resulting in minimally harmonic color pairs. These values express\r\nthe fuzzy border between harmony and disharmony regions using a single scalar.\r\nSecond, the value of harmony is de\u0002ned corresponding to the contrast of lightness, i.e. the difference of perceptual\r\nlightness values. Third, we formulate the harmony value of the saturation contrast, depending on hue and lightness.\r\nThe results of these investigations form a basis for a uni\u0002ed, coherent dichromatic harmony formula as well as for\r\nanalysis of polychromatic color harmony.\r\nIntroduced color harmony rules are based on Coloroid, which is one of the 5",
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        "title": "Color Style Transfer Techniques using Hue, Lightness and Saturation Histogram Matching",
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        "title": "Kalenderbauten? -- Zur astronomischen Ausrichtung der Kreisgrabenanlagen in Niederösterreich",
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        "title": "On Cross-Validation and Resampling of BRDF Data Measurements",
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        "abstract": "We discuss the validation of BTF data measurements by means used for\nBRDF measurements. First, we show how to apply the Helmholtz reciprocity\nand isotropy for a single data set. Second, we discuss a\ncross-validation for BRDF measurement data obtained from two different\nmeasurement setups, where the measurements are not calibrated or the\nlevel of accuracy is not known. We show the practical problems\nencountered and the solutions we have used to validate physical setup\nfor four material samples. We describe a novel coordinate system\nsuitable for resampling the BRDF data from one data set to another\ndata set. Further, we show how the perceptually uniform color space\nCIELab is used for cross-comparison of BRDF data measurements, which\nwere not calibrated.",
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        "title": "Illustrative Context-Preserving Volume Rendering",
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        "abstract": "In volume rendering it is very difficult to simultaneously visualize interior and exterior structures while preserving clear shape cues. Very transparent transfer functions produce cluttered images with many overlapping structures, while clipping techniques completely remove possibly important context information. In this paper we present a new model for volume rendering, inspired by techniques from illustration that provides a means of interactively inspecting the interior of a volumetric data set in a feature-driven way which retains context information. The context-preserving volume rendering model uses a function of shading intensity, gradient magnitude, distance to the eye point, and previously accumulated opacity to selectively reduce the opacity in less important data regions. It is controlled by two user-specified parameters. This new method represents an alternative to conventional clipping techniques, shares their easy and intuitive user control, but does not suffer from the drawback of missing context information. ",
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        "abstract": "Direct Volume Visualization is an efficient technique to explore complex structures within volumetric data. Its main advantage, compared to standard 3D surface rendering, is the ability to perform semitransparent rendering in order to provide more information about spatial relationships of different structures. Semitransparent rendering requires to process a huge amount of data. The size of volumetric data is rapidly increasing, on the one hand due to the boost of processing power in the past years, and on the other hand due to improved capabilities of newer acquisition devices. This large data presents a challenge to current rendering architectures and techniques. The enormous data sizes introduce a growing demand for interactive 3D visualization. Conventional slicing methods already reach their limit of usability due to the enormous amount of slices. 3D visualization is more and more explored as an attractive alternative additional method for examinations of large medical data to support the necessary 2D examination. Within this dissertation a set of approaches to handle and render large volumetric data is developed, enabling significant performance improvements due to a much better utilization of the CPUs processing power and available memory bandwidth. At first, highly efficient approaches for addressing and processing of a cache efficient memory layout for volumetric data are presented. These approaches serve as a base for a full-blown high-quality raycasting system, capable of handling large data up to 3GB, a limitation imposed by the virtual address space of current consumer operating systems. The core acceleration techniques of this system are a refined caching scheme for gradient estimation in conjunction with a hybrid skipping and removal of transparent regions to reduce the amount of data to be processed. This system is extended so that efficient processing of multiple large data sets is possible. An acceleration technique for direct volume rendering of scenes, composed of multiple volumetric objects, is developed; it is based on the distinction between regions of intersection, which need costly multi-volume processing, and regions containing only one volumetric object, which can be efficiently processed. Furthermore, V-Objects, a concept of modeling scenes consisting of multiple volumetric objects, are presented. It is demonstrated that the concept of V-Objects in combination with direct volume rendering, is a promising technique for visualizing medical data and can provide advanced means to explore and investigate data. In the second part of the dissertation, an alternative to grid-based volume graphics is presented: Vots, a point-based representation of volumetric data. It is a novel primitive for volumetric data modeling, processing, and rendering. A new paradigm is presented by moving the data representation from a discrete representation to an implicit one.",
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        "title": "Automatic Impostor Placement for Guaranteed Frame Rates and Low Memory Requirements",
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        "abstract": "Impostors are image-based primitives commonly used to replace complex geometry in order to reduce the rendering time needed for displaying complex scenes. However, a big problem is the huge amount of memory required for impostors. \nThis paper presents an algorithm that automatically places impostors into a scene so that a desired frame rate and\nimage quality is always met, while at the same time not requiring enormous amounts of impostor memory. The low memory requirements are provided by a new placement method and through the simultaneous use of other acceleration techniques like visibility culling and geometric levels of detail.",
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    {
        "id": "Wimmer-2005-HOQ",
        "type_id": "inbook",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Hardware Occlusion Queries Made Useful",
        "date": "2005-03",
        "abstract": "Hardware occlusion queries make it possible for an application to ask the 3D API whether or not any pixels would be drawn if a particular object was rendered. With this feature, applications can check to see whether or not the bounding boxes of complex objects are visible; if the bounds are occluded, the application\ncan skip drawing those objects.  In this chapter, we present a simple and powerful algorithm to solve the problem of latency and CPU/GPU stall typically associated with a naive usage of hardware occlusion queries.",
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    {
        "id": "jeschke-05-ARI",
        "type_id": "phdthesis",
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        "title": "Accelerating the Rendering Process Using Impostors",
        "date": "2005-03",
        "abstract": "The interactive rendering of three-dimensional geometric models is a research\narea of big interest in computer graphics. The generation of a fluent animation\nfor complex models, consisting of multiple million primitives, with more than\n60 frames per second is a special challenge. Possible applications include ship-,\ndriving- and flight simulators, virtual reality and computer games. Although the\nperformance of common computer graphics hardware has dramatically increased\nin recent years, the demand for more realism and complexity in common scenes\nis growing even faster.\nThis dissertation is about one approach for accelerating the rendering of such\ncomplex scenes. We take advantage of the fact that the appearance of distant scene\nparts hardly changes for several successive output images. Those scene parts are\nreplaced by precomputed image-based representations, so-called impostors. Impostors\nare very fast to render while maintaining the appearance of the scene part\nas long as the viewer moves within a bounded viewing region, a so-called view\ncell.\nHowever, unsolved problems of impostors are the support of a satisfying visual\nquality with reasonable computational effort for the impostor generation, as well\nas very high memory requirements for impostors for common scenes. Until today,\nthese problems are the main reason why impostors are hardly used for rendering\nacceleration.\nThis thesis presents two new impostor techniques that are based on partitioning\nthe scene part to be represented into image layers with different distances to\nthe observer. A new error metric allows a guarantee for a minimum visual quality\nof an impostor even for large view cells. Furthermore, invisible scene parts\nare efficiently excluded from the representation without requiring any knowledge\nabout the scene structure, which provides a more compact representation. One\nof the techniques combines every image layer separately with geometric information.\nThis allows a fast generation of memory-efficient impostors for distant scene\nparts. In the other technique, the geometry is independent from the depth layers,\nwhich allows a compact representation for near scene parts.\nThe second part of this work is about the efficient usage of impostors for a\ngiven scene. The goal is to guarantee a minimum frame rate for every view within\nthe scene while at the same time minimizing the memory requirements for all impostors.\nThe presented algorithm automatically selects impostors and view cells\nso that for every view, only the most suitable scene parts are represented as impostors.\nPrevious approaches generated numerous similar impostors for neighboring\nview cells, thus wasting memory. The new algorithm overcomes this problem.\ni\nThe simultaneous use of additional acceleration techniques further reduces the required\nimpostor memory and allows making best use of all available techniques\nat the same time. The approach is general in the sense that it can handle arbitrary\nscenes and a broad range of impostor techniques, and the acceleration provided\nby the impostors can be adapted to the bottlenecks of different rendering systems.\nIn summary, the provided techniques and algorithms dramatically reduce the\nrequired impostor memory and simultaneously guarantee a minimum output image\nquality. This makes impostors useful for numerous scenes and applications\nwhere they could hardly be used before.",
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        "id": "bruckner-2005-AIV",
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        "title": "Applications of Illustrative Volume Visualization Techniques",
        "date": "2005",
        "abstract": "Illustrative visualization deals with computer supported interactive and expressive visualizations through abstractions which are\r\ninspired by traditional illustrations. This talk covers two important aspects of illustrative visualization of volume data: exploration and communication. Exploration deals with techniques for the rapid visualization of data with limited or no prior knowledge about the nature and/or structure of the data. Communication, on the other hand, is concerned with conveying complex structures or relationships to individuals. The talk discusses recent approaches in both areas.",
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        "title": "IEEE Visualization Tutorial on Illustrative Visualization",
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        "abstract": "The tutorial presents state-of-the-art visualization techniques inspired\nby traditional technical and medical illustrations. Such techniques\nexploit the perception of the human visual system and provide effective visual abstractions to make the visualization clearly understandable. Visual emphasis and abstraction has been used for expressive presentation from prehistoric paintings to nowadays scientific and medical illustrations. Many of the expressive techniques\nused in art are adopted in computer graphics, and are denoted as\nillustrative or non-photorealistic rendering. Different stroke techniques,\nor brush properties express a particular level of abstraction. Feature emphasis or feature suppression is achieved by combining different abstraction levels in illustrative rendering. Challenges in visualization research are very large data visualization as well as multi-dimensional data visualization. To effectively convey the most important visual information there is a significant need for visual abstraction. For less relevant information the dedicated image space is reduced to enhance more prominent features. The discussed techniques in the context of scientic visualization  are based on iso-surfaces and volume rendering. Apart\nfrom visual abstraction, i.e., illustrative representation, the visibility of prominent features can be achieved by illustrative visualization\ntechniques such as cut-away views or ghosted views. The structures that occlude the most prominent information are suppressed in order to clearly see more interesting parts. A different smart way to provide information on the data is using exploded views or other\ntypes of deformation. Furthermore intuitive feature classification via 3D painting and manipulation with the classified data including label placement is presented. Discussed non-photorealistic and illustrative techniques from visualization and graphics are shown from the perspective as tools for illustrators from medicine, botany, archeology, and zoology. The limitations of existing NPR systems for science illustration are highlighted, and proposals for possible new directions are made.\nIllustrative visualization is demonstrated via application-specific tasks in medical visualization. An important aspect as compared to traditional medical illustrations is the interactivity and real-time manipulation of the acquired patient data. This can be very useful in anatomy education. Another application area is surgical planning which is demonstrated with two case studies: neck dissection and\nliver surgery planning.",
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    {
        "id": "diss-thesis-bratislava",
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        "title": "Importance-Driven Expressive Visualization",
        "date": "2005",
        "abstract": "In this talk several expressive visualization techniques for volumetric data are presented. The key idea is to classify the underlying data according to its prominence on the resulting visualization by importance value. The importance property drives the visualization pipeline to emphasize the most prominent features and to suppress the less relevant ones. The suppression can be realized globally, so the whole object is suppressed, or locally. A local modulation generates cut-away and ghosted views because the suppression of less relevant features occurs only on the part where the occlusion of more important features appears.\n\nFeatures within the volumetric data are classified according to a new imension denoted as object importance. This property determines which structures should be readily discernible and which structures are less important. Next, for each feature various representations (levels of sparseness) from a dense to a sparse depiction are defined. Levels of sparseness define a spectrum of optical properties or rendering styles. The resulting image is generated by ray-casting and combining the intersected features proportional to their importance. An additional step to traditional volume rendering evaluates the areas of occlusion and assigns a particular level of sparseness. This step is denoted as importance compositing. Advanced schemes for importance compositing determine the resulting visibility of features and if the resulting visibility distribution does not correspond to the importance distribution different levels of sparseness are selected.\n\nThe applicability of importance-driven visualization is demonstrated\non several examples from medical diagnostics scenarios, flow visualization, and interactive illustrative visualization. ",
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        "title": "Zur astronomischen Interpretation ausgezeichneter Richtungen der Neolithischen Kreisgrabenanlagen Niederösterreichs",
        "date": "2005",
        "abstract": "Die Untersuchung der Tor-Orientierung von 28 jungsteinzeitlichen Kreisgrabenanlagen (4800-4500 v.Chr.) ergab durchwegs Ausrichtungen zu bestimmten Auf- und Untergangspunkten der Sonne (z.B. Sonnwenden) und 4 ausgewählter Sterne, denen kalendarische Bedeutung zuzuordnen ist.\r\n\r\n(Results from analysis of 28 Kreisgrabenanlagen indicate orientation of their access doorways towards certain rising and setting points of the sun and selected stars.)",
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        "id": "xmas-2005",
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        "title": "X-Mas 2005",
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        "abstract": "The card front shows a screenshot from \"Yetti's Skipark Tycoon\", one of the prize winners in this year's game development student course: Create your own ski resort & watch your happy guests being lifted up and ski down :-)\r\n\r\nThe back depicts the GameTools Project logo - one of the many projects the CG group at TU Vienna participates in (http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/projects). \t\r\n\r\nDie Vorderseite der Weihnachtskarte zeigt einen Screenshot aus \"Yetti's Skipark Tycoon\", einer der Gewinner der heurigen Computerspieleentwicklungslaboruebung: Bauen Sie Ihr eigenes Skiresort & schauen Sie Ihren Gaesten beim vergnuegten Skilauf zu :-)\r\n\r\nDie Rückseite ziert das GameTools Project Logo; GameTools ist eines der vielen Projekte, an denen die CG-Gruppe der TU Wien partizipiert (http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/projects).\r\nTU Wien - Computer Graphics Group\r\nMeisterhaft in Graphics\r\n\r\nIdea & Artwork: Markus Giegl",
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        "title": "Der Himmel der Urzeit -- Zur astronomischen Interpretation der Himmelsscheibe im Kontext frühmitteleuropäischer Kulturen",
        "date": "2005",
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        "title": "Abstraction Techniques for Interactive Illustration",
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        "abstract": "Illustrations play a major role in the education process. Whether used to teach a surgical or radiologic procedure, to illustrate normal or aberrant anatomy, or to explain the functioning of a technical device, illustration significantly impacts learning. One of the key concepts for creating an expressive illustration is abstraction. Abstraction introduces a distortion between the visualization and the underlying model according to the communicative intent of the illustration. Inspired by observations from hand-made illustrations, similar \r\ntechniques for the generation of rendered images have \r\nbeen developed. These techniques work on different levels: low level abstraction techniques (stylized \r\ndepiction methods) deal with how objects should be presented, while high level abstraction techniques (smart visibility approaches) are concerned with what should be \r\nvisible and recognizable. We review several existing approaches from both categories and describe important \r\nconcepts used in the design of a system for creating interactive illustrations directly from volumetric data.",
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        "date_to": "2005-05-10",
        "event": "Dagstuhl Seminar on Scientific Visualization: Challenges for the Future",
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    {
        "id": "groeller-2005-imp",
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        "title": "Importance-Driven Image Generation in Scientific Visualization",
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        "date_to": "2005-08-18",
        "event": "Informatikkolloquium der Universität Bergen",
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        "title": "Ray Maps for Global Illumination",
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        "abstract": "We describe a novel data structure for representing light transport called ray map. The ray map extends the concept\nof photon maps: it stores not only photon impacts but the whole photon paths. We demonstrate the utility of ray\nmaps for global illumination by eliminating boundary bias and reducing topological bias of density estimation in\nglobal illumination. Thanks to the elimination of boundary bias we could use ray maps for fast direct visualization\nwith the image quality being close to that obtained by the expensive nal gathering step. We describe in detail our\nimplementation of the ray map using a lazily constructed kD-tree. We also present several optimizations bringing\nthe ray map query performance close to the performance of the photon map.",
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        "abstract": "Traditional volume visualization techniques sometimes provide incomplete clinical\r\ninformation needed for applications in medical visualization. In the area of vascular visualization\r\nimportant features such as the lumen of a diseased vessel segment may not be\r\nvisible. One way to display vascular structures for diagnostic purposes is to generate longitudinal\r\ncross-sections in order to show their lumen, wall, and surrounding tissue in a curved\r\nplane. Curved planar reformation (CPR) has proven to be an acceptable practical solution.\r\nWe discuss four different methods to generate CPR images from single vessel segments: Projected\r\nCPR, stretched CPR, straightened CPR, and helical CPR. Furthermore we investigate\r\nthree different methods for displaying vascular trees: Multi-path projected CPR, multi-path\r\nstretched CPR, and untangled CPR. The principle concept of each method is discussed and\r\ndetailed information for the realization is given. In addition the properties, advantages and\r\ndisadvantages of each method are summarized.",
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        "title": "Realtime Rendering Algorithmen",
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        "abstract": "Die enorme Entwicklung der Graphikkarten für PCs hat die Computergraphik-Programmierung weitreichend beeinflusst. Das effiziente Ausnutzen der sehr hohen Hardware-Leistung ermöglicht es, immer komplexere Szenen in Echtzeit zu rendern. Mehrere Strategien wurden entwickelt: die optimale Verteilung der Arbeit zwischen CPU und GPU, das frühzeitige Entfernen sicher nicht sichtbarer Objekte (Visibility Culling), geometrische Vereinfachungen, Texturen verschiedener Art und bildbasierte Bilderstellungsverfahren (Image-based Rendering). Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über diese Strategien und erklärt ausgewählte Algorithmen etwas detaillierter.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
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        "date": "2005",
        "abstract": "Volume rendering techniques are conventionally classified into two categories\r\nrepresented by direct and indirect methods. Indirect methods require\r\nto transform the initial volumetric model into an intermediate geometrical\r\nmodel in order to efficiently visualize it. In contrast, direct volume-rendering\r\n(DVR) methods can directly process the volumetric data. Modern 3D scanning\r\ntechnologies, like CT or MRI, usually provide data as a set of samples on\r\nrectilinear grid points, which are computed from the measured projections by\r\ndiscrete tomographic reconstruction. Therefore the set of these reconstructed\r\nsamples can already be considered as an intermediate volume representation.\r\nIn this diploma thesis a new paradigm for direct direct volume rendering\r\n(D2VR) is introduced, which does not even require a rectilinear grid, since it\r\nis based on an immediate processing of the measured projections. Arbitrary\r\nsamples for ray casting are reconstructed from the projections by using the\r\nFiltered Back-Projection algorithm. The method presented in this thesis removes\r\nan unnecessary and lossy resampling step from the classical volume\r\nrendering pipeline. Thus, it provides much higher accuracy than traditional\r\ngrid-based resampling techniques do. Furthermore a novel high-quality gradient\r\nestimation scheme, which is also based on the Filtered Back-Projection\r\nalgorithm is presented. Finally we introduce a hierarchical space partitioning\r\napproach for projection-based volumetric data, which is used to accelerate\r\nD²VR.",
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    {
        "id": "eg-tut2005-iv",
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        "title": "Eurographics Tutorial on Illustrative Visualization",
        "date": "2005",
        "abstract": "The tutorial presents state-of-the-art visualization techniques inspired by traditional technical and medical illustrations.\nSuch techniques exploit the perception of the human visual system and provide effective visual abstractions\nto make the visualization clearly understandable. Visual emphasis and abstraction has been used for expressive\npresentation from prehistoric paintings to nowadays scientific and medical illustrations. Many of the expressive\ntechniques used in art are adopted in computer graphics, and are denoted as illustrative or non-photorealistic\nrendering. Different stroke techniques, or brush properties express a particular level of abstraction. Feature emphasis\nor feature suppression is achieved by combining different abstraction levels in illustrative rendering.\nChallenges in visualization research are very large data visualization as well as multi-dimensional data visualization.\nTo effectively convey the most important visual information there is a significant need for visual abstraction.\nFor less relevant information the dedicated image space is reduced to enhance more prominent features. The discussed techniques in the context of scientific visualization are based on iso-surfaces and volume rendering. Apart\nfrom visual abstraction, i.e., illustrative representation, the visibility of prominent features can be achieved by illustrative visualization techniques such as cut-away views or ghosted views. The structures that occlude the most prominent information are suppressed in order to clearly see more interesting parts. Another smart way to provide information on the data is using exploded views or other types of deformation. Illustrative visualization is demonstrated via application-specific tasks in medical visualization. An important aspect\nas compared to traditional medical illustrations is the interactivity and real-time manipulation of the acquired\npatient data. This can be very useful in anatomy education. Another application area is surgical planning which\nis demonstrated with two case studies: neck dissection and liver surgery planning.",
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        "abstract": "The size of volumetric data acquired from computed tomography scanning\r\ndevices is steadily increasing, which often makes it impractical to store the\r\nwhole data in physical memory. Therefore, e±cient data structures are re-\r\nquired. In this thesis several data structures are examined in respect to\r\napplication for computed tomography-angiography. In particular, memory\r\nconsumption and performance of visualization are addressed. Additionally,\r\na data structure based on adaptive meshes is implemented. This data struc-\r\nture can leverage resources where they are needed. In order to generate the\r\nadaptive meshes, two di®erent algorithms are explained and compared to\r\neach other. The most common visualization techniques for angiography are\r\ndescribed.",
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