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        "title": "Enhancing Environmental Data Communication Through VR",
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        "abstract": "Origin-Destination (OD) flow maps are a tool for visualizing movement patterns in domains such as transportation, trade, or migration. OD flow maps visualize movement using a network of directional and weighted curves. Traditional 2D OD flow maps often suffer from visual clutter and occlusion, limiting their  ffectiveness in conveying complex spatial relationships. This thesis explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) for OD flow map visualization of migration data to enhance interactivity, data comprehensibility, and spatial awareness. By extending OD flow maps to the third dimension of time, users can interact with the data  dynamically and view OD connections from multiple perspectives across a span of years. This thesis develops an approach to visualize and encode the time component using a Space-Time Cube (STC), which encodes the time as\nan additional spatial dimension. The research involves the implementation of a force-directed layout algorithm based on work by Jenny et al. and the development of a marker-based AR phone application prototype capable of visualizing migration data for EU countries spanning from 2008-2022. This thesis contributes to the fields of data visualization, computer graphics, and human-computer  interaction, providing insights into how immersive technologies can enhance spatio-temporal data visualization",
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        "title": "Prototypical Visualization: Using Prototypical Networks for Visualizing Large Unstructured Data",
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        "abstract": "Making sense of data is something that many professionals are required to do on a daily basis. This can be a difficult task if the amount of data is so large that it can not be easily examined. One effective method of quickly getting an overview of data structure is visualization, but this is not always a feasible solution with large data due to the sheer amount of data and also the potentially high dimensionality. Machine learning models can help with with the organization and classification of data, but they often require large quantities of labeled training data, which is frequently not readily available. This is why models that can reliably classify data based on only few examples for each class are an interesting topic of research. One such kind of model are prototypical networks. They utilize few samples to create an embedding space in fewer dimensions, in which similar data points cluster around a single class prototype. In this thesis, we investigate if the embedding space of a prototypical network makes for a good approach for the purpose of visualizing high-dimensional, unstructured data. The goal is to reduce the dimensionality of the data in such a way that the highdimensional relations and structures between data points are preserved, resulting in 2D representations of the data that form coherent class clusters in a scatter plot visualization. This approach is compared with, and evaluated against, other well known supervised and unsupervised dimensionality reduction techniques. Through quantitative experiments relying on statistical measures, as well as a qualitative evaluation of our results, we find that our ProtoNet is capable of producing point embeddings in which the spatial separation of classes is as good or better than the other methods.",
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        "abstract": "This thesis investigates the impact of different aspect ratios on the perception of angles and lines in parallel coordinates. Parallel coordinates are a visualization technique for representing multivariate data where each variable is drawn as a parallel axis, and data points are connected by lines across these axes. This method allows for the simultaneous visualization of more than two variables and enables the interpretation of correlation patterns within a given dataset.However, the reliability and accuracy of this interpretation can be significantly influenced by the aspect ratio of the plot. This thesis aims to explore how variations in aspect ratios affect the accuracy and confidence of users in perceiving correlations within parallel coordinates.The methodological approach comprises three components: the development of a web-based visualization tool, a statistical analysis of line and angle parameters, and an empirical user study. The visualization tool enables users to display parallel coordinates in various aspect ratios and analyze the geometric properties of the lines in the plot. The statistical analysis reveals that aspect ratios significantly correlate with the minimum and maximum angles in parallel coordinates, which in turn affects the visual perception and interpretation of the data. These findings are validated through a web-based user study, demonstrating that specific aspect ratios lead to more accurate and reliable correlation estimates. The results underscore considerate usage of flexible aspect ratios to minimize distortion and ensure the reliability of visual data interpretation in parallel coordinates.",
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        "repositum_id": "20.500.12708/209323",
        "title": "RSVP for VPSA : A Meta Design Study on Rapid Suggestive Visualization Prototyping for Visual Parameter Space Analysis",
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        "abstract": "Visual Parameter Space Analysis (VPSA) enables domain scientists to explore input-output relationships of computational models. Existing VPSA applications often feature multi-view visualizations designed by visualization experts for a specific scenario, making it hard for domain scientists to adapt them to their problems without professional help. We present RSVP, the Rapid Suggestive Visualization Prototyping system encoding VPSA knowledge to enable domain scientists to prototype custom visualization dashboards tailored to their specific needs. The system implements a task-oriented, multi-view visualization recommendation strategy over a visualization design space optimized for VPSA to guide users in meeting their analytical demands. We derived the VPSA knowledge implemented in the system by conducting an extensive meta design study over the body of work on VPSA. We show how this process can be used to perform a data and task abstraction, extract a common visualization design space, and derive a task-oriented VisRec strategy. User studies indicate that the system is user-friendly and can uncover novel insights.",
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        "title": "AccuStripes: Visual exploration and comparison of univariate data distributions using color and binning",
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        "abstract": "Understanding and analyzing univariate distributions of data in terms of their shapes as well as their specific characteristics, regarding gaps, spikes, or outliers, is crucial in many scientific disciplines. In this paper, we propose a design space composed of the visual channels position and color for representing accumulated distributions. The designs are a mixture of color-coded stripes with density lines. The width and coloring of the stripes is based on the applied binning technique. In a crowd-sourced experiment we explore a subspace, called the AccuStripes (i.e., “accumulated stripes”) design space, consisting of nine representations. These AccuStripes designs integrate three composition strategies (color only, overlay, filled curve) with three binning techniques, one uniform (UB) and two adaptive methods, namely Bayesian Blocks (BB) and Jenks’ Natural Breaks (NB). We evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, and confidence ratings of the nine AccuStripes designs for structural estimation and comparison tasks. Across all study tasks, the overlay composition was found to be most accurate and preferred by observers. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that while no binning method performed best in both identification and comparison, detection of structures using adaptive binning was the most accurate one. For validation we compared the best AccuStripes’ design, i.e., the overlay composition, to line charts. Our results show that the AccuStripes’ design outperformed the line charts in accuracy for all study tasks.",
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        "title": "Echtzeitvisualisierung von Lawinenrisiko basierend auf hochauflösenden Geodaten",
        "date": "2023-11-18",
        "abstract": "Um das Lawinenrisiko auf Touren abzuschätzen, konsultieren Tourengeher·innen typischerweise vorab den aktuellen Lawinenlagebericht (LLB) sowie die Geländeeigenschaften, wie Hangneigung, Höhe und Exposition der geplanten Tour auf einer Karte. Reduktionsmethoden wie Stop-or-Go oder die SnowCard können sowohl bei der Planung als auch vor Ort angewandt werden, um das Risiko abzuschätzen. Bei korrekter Anwendung dieser Methoden könnte ein Großteil der Todesfälle vermieden werden. Die Anwendung umfasst jedoch mehrere kognitiv aufwändige Schritte: Im ersten Schritt müssen Tourengeher·innen die Informationen aus LLB und Karte korrekt verknüpfen und anhand der gewählten Methode interpretieren, um potenziell kritische Regionen entlang der Route vorab identifizieren zu können. Im zweiten Schritt müssen potenziell kritische Regionen auch während der Tour als solche wiedererkannt und vor Ort beurteilt werden. \nUm die Anwendung von Reduktionsmethoden für Wintersportler·innen zu vereinfachen, können die Informationen aus LLB computergestützt mit den Geländeeigenschaften ausgewertet und direkt in einer Karte dargestellt werden. Skitourenguru, beispielsweise, berechnet das Lawinenrisiko entlang vorgegebener Routen und stellt diese in einer 2D Karte dar. Im Vergleich zu 2D Karten erleichtert eine dreidimensionale Darstellung jedoch die Interpretation des Geländes und das Finden von Routen. Unsere Hypothese ist daher, dass eine direkte Visualisierung des Lawinenrisikos auf einer detaillierten 3D Karte die Identifikation von potenziell kritischen Regionen einer Route in der Planungsphase, sowie deren Wiedererkennung während der Tour, erleichtert.\nWir stellen eine integrierte 3D Risikovisualisierung vor, welche Daten aus dem aktuellen LLB mit einem hochauflösenden Geländemodell kombiniert und existierende Reduktionsmethoden in Echtzeit auswertet, um das Ergebnis auf einer interaktiven Webseite zu visualisieren.\n",
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        "title": "Visual Analytics for Convolutional Neural Network Robustness",
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        "abstract": "Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a type of machine learning model that is\nwidely used for computer vision tasks. Despite their high performance, the robustness of\nCNNs is often weak. A model trained for image classification might misclassify an image\nwhen it is slightly rotated, blurred, or after a change in color saturation. Moreover, CNNs\nare vulnerable to so-called “adversarial attacks”, methods where analytically computed\nperturbations are generated which fool the classifier despite being imperceptible by\nhumans. Various training methods have been designed to increase robustness in CNNs.\n\nIn this thesis, we investigate CNN robustness with two approaches: First, we visualize\ndifferences between standard and robust training methods. For this, we use feature\nvisualization, a method to visualize the patterns which individual units of a CNN respond\nto. Subsequently, we present an interactive visual analytics application which lets the\nuser manipulate a 3d scene while simultaneously observing a CNN’s prediction, as\nwell as intermediate neuron activations. To be able to compare standard and robustly\ntrained models, the application allows simultaneously observing two models. To test\nthe usefulness of our application, we conducted five case studies with machine learning\nexperts. During these case studies and our own experiments, several novel insights about\nrobustly trained models were made, three of which we verified quantitatively. Despite its\nability to probe two high performing CNNs in real-time, our tool fully runs client-side\nin a standard web-browser and can be served as a static website, without requiring a\npowerful backend server",
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        "abstract": "Despite the advancements in auto-segmentation tools, manual delineation is still necessary in the medical field. For example, tumor segmentation is a crucial step in cancer radiotherapy and is still widely performed by hand by experienced radiologists. However, the opinions of experienced radiologists might differ, for a multitude of reasons. In this work, we visualize the variability originating from multiple experts delineating medical scans of the same patient, known as inter-observer variability.The novelty of this work consists of capturing the process of segmenting a target object. The focus lies in gaining insight into the observer’s thought processes and reasoning strategies. To investigate these aspects of segmenting we conduct a data acquisitionwith novice users and experts, capturing their thoughts in a think-aloud protocol and their areas of attention by tracking their mouse-movement during the segmentation process. This data is visualized with our Multi Observer Looking Environment (MOLE).MOLE allows to gain deep insight into the observers’ segmentation process and enables to compare different segmentation outcomes and how these occurred. With our proposed visualization techniques we emphasize regions of uncertainty that need more attention when delineating. Additionally, relevant keywords are extracted from the think-aloud protocol and aligned with the positions in the segmentation, providing information about the thought process of an observer. We link the initial image to a three-dimensional representation of the delineations and provide more details of the think-aloud protocol on demand.Our approach is universal to segmentation, attention and thought process data regardless of the domain of the data. We show how MOLE can be used with a medical dataset as well as an artificially created dataset. By validating our approach with the help of a medical expert actively working in the field, we define potential use cases in the existing pipeline of tumor delineation for cancer treatment.",
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        "title": "Untangling Circular Drawings: Algorithms and Complexity",
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        "abstract": "We consider the problem of untangling a given (non-planar) straight-line circular drawing δG of an\r\nouterplanar graph G = (V,E) into a planar straight-line circular drawing by shifting a minimum\r\nnumber of vertices to a new position on the circle. For an outerplanar graph G, it is clear that such\r\na crossing-free circular drawing always exists and we define the circular shifting number shift◦(δG)\r\nas the minimum number of vertices that need to be shifted to resolve all crossings of δG. We show\r\nthat the problem Circular Untangling, asking whether shift◦(δG) ≤ K for a given integer K,\r\nis NP-complete. Based on this result we study Circular Untangling for almost-planar circular\r\ndrawings, in which a single edge is involved in all the crossings. In this case we provide a tight upper\r\nbound shift◦(δG) ≤ ⌊n2\r\n⌋ − 1, where n is the number of vertices in G, and present a polynomial-time\r\nalgorithm to compute the circular shifting number of almost-planar drawings.",
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        "title": "Exploratory Visual System for Predictive Machine Learning of Event-Organisation Data",
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        "abstract": "In recent years, the usage of machine learning (ML) models and especially deep neural\nnetworks in many different domains has increased rapidly. One of the major challenges\nwhen working with ML models is to correctly and efficiently interpret the results given\nby a model. Additionally, understanding how the model came to its conclusions can be\na very complicated task even for domain experts in the field of machine learning. For\nlaypeople, ML models are often just black-boxes. The lack of understanding of a model\nand its reasoning often leads to users not trusting the model’s predictions.\n\nIn this thesis, we work with an ML model trained on event-organisation data. The\ngoal is to create an exploratory visual event-organisation system that enables event\norganisers to efficiently work with the model. The main user goals in this scenario are\nto maximise profits and to be able to prepare for the predicted number of visitors. To\nachieve these goals users need to be able to perform tasks like: interpreting the prediction\nof the current input and performing what-if analyses to understand the effects of\nchanging parameters. The proposed system incorporates adapted versions of multiple\nstate-of-the-art model-agnostic interpretation methods like partial dependence plots and\ncase-based reasoning. Since model-agnostic methods are independent of the ML model,\nthey provide high flexibility.\n\nMany state-of-the-art approaches to explain ML models are too complex to be understood\nby laypeople. Our target group of event organisers cannot be expected to have a sufficient\namount of technical knowledge in the field of machine learning. In this thesis, we want\nto find answers to the questions: How can we visualise ML predictions to laypeople in a\ncomprehensible way? How can predictions be compared against each other? How can\nwe support users in gaining trust in the ML model? Our event-organisation system is\ncreated using a human-centred design approach performing multiple case studies with\npotential users during the whole development circle.",
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        "abstract": "Regardless of what algorithms and technologies are developed, the human mind and logical reasoning remain important tools for analysing, modelling, and solving problems. Visual representation of data is considered the most e˙ective way to convey information to the human brain and promote analytical thinking. Visual analytics encompasses a set of techniques, methods, and tools that support analytical thinking through visual representations of various types of data. Due to their complexity and size, spatial time series data are suitable for implementation of such techniques, as their analysis remains challenging. Many environmental, social, and economic processes of modern civilization are represented by spatial time series, which emphasises the need for interactive visual representations for their more eÿcient analysis.\nOne clear example of such complex processes is economic recession, a decline in economic activity for which there is no single formal definition. However, it is often described in terms of recession factors such as GDP, the Gini index, or inflation, all of which are examples of spatial time series data, and whose change can be a clear indicator of the state of the economy. As recession analysis is a very complex topic and it is not entirely clear which economic factors have the greatest impact, purely automated techniques are not appropriate and there is scope for advances in analytical approaches.\nThis thesis proposes an application “Recession Explorer”: visual analytics of economic recession and its forecasting as an example of a holistic system that displays spatial time series data and explores patterns and insights in the data. Such a combination of approaches provides a unique perspective on economic recession studies by facilitating both high-level human reasoning and the use of advanced mathematical algorithms. The goal of the application is to demonstrate that the use of visual analytics is a beneficial approach to address the challenges of economic recession and, more generally, to assist users with interactive visualisations when dealing with and analysing spatial time series data.",
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        "title": "Visualization and Analysis of X-ray Computed Tomography Data",
        "date": "2021-07-16",
        "abstract": "Visualization and analysis of primary and secondary X-ray computed tomography (XCT) data has become highly attractive for boosting research endeavors in the materials science domain. On the one hand, XCT allows to generate detailed and cumulative data of the specimens under investigation\nin a non-destructive way. On the other hand, through the conception, the development, and the implementation of novel, tailored analysis and visualization techniques, in-depth investigations of complex material systems turned into reality, e.g., in the form of interactive visualization of\nspatial and quantitative data, uncertainty quantification and visualization, comparative visualization, ensemble analysis and visualization, visual parameter space analysis, and many others.\nVisual analysis of XCT data enables a detailed understanding of the internal structures and the characteristics of materials and thus facilitates studies on a multitude of phenomena, at multiple scales, in different dimensions, or even using different modalities. This was simply impossible\nbefore. This habilitation thesis presents contributions to computer science in terms of novel methodsand techniques as well as respective algorithms and data structures, which are advancing visual analysis and visualization for enabling insights into XCT data on material systems. The introduced\nmethods and techniques focus on three distinct technical areas of visual analysis and visualization of XCT data. For each area, the problem statements, important research questions to be solved as well as the contributions of the habilitation candidate are discussed:\n1. Interactive visualization of spatial and quantitative data: Visualization and analysis techniques are introduced in this thesis for exploring, encoding, connecting, abstracting\nelaborating, reconfiguring, filtering, and finally selecting in \"rich\" XCT data. To reveal insights into complex objects, MObjects (i.e., mean objects) is discussed as a novel aggregation and exploration technique, which computes average volumetric representations from selections of individual objects of interest. To analyze various of these mean objects and to compare them with regards to their individual characteristics, visual analysis techniques as presented in FiberScout facilitate a detailed exploration of primary spatial data together with derived quantitative data (i.e., secondary data).\n2. Visual parameter space analysis (vPSA): The contributions towards vPSA focus on concepts for exploring and analyzing the space of possible parameter combinations of algorithms, models, and data processing pipelines as well as their effects on the ensemble of results. The presented methods and techniques visually guide users in finding adequate\ninput parameter sets, leading to optimal output results. In particular, the vPSA of segmentation and reconstruction algorithms is investigated. Similarity Metrics are introduced for comparing features as well as their characteristics.\n3. Comparative visualization and ensemble analysis: The comparison of larger sets of ensemble members as generated by vPSA is difficult, tedious, and error-prone, which is often\nexacerbated by subtle differences in the individual members. Here, techniques are presented to study the differences between multiple results regarding their visual representation as well as their characteristics. Dynamic Volume Lines is a novel technique for the visual analysis and comparison of large sets of 3D volumes using linearization methods combined with interactive data exploration. This technique is accompanied by a comparative visualization in the spatial domain to establish a link between the abstracted data and real world representations.\nFinally, in terms of visualization theory and modeling, this thesis abstracts the characteristics of visual parameter space analysis in a holistic conceptual framework. It also classifies and frames the novel area of visual computing in materials science, identifying research gaps within this\ndomain.",
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        "title": "Hornero: Thunderstorms Characterization using Visual Analytics",
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        "title": "Visual Analysis of Industrial Multivariate Time-Series Data: Effective Solution to Maximise Insights from Blow Moulding Machine Sensory Data",
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        "abstract": "Developments in the field of data analytics provides a boost for small-sized factories. These factories are eager to take full advantage of the potential insights in the remotely collected data to minimise cost and maximise quality and profit. This project aims to process, cluster and visualise sensory data of a blow moulding machine in a plastic production factory. In collaboration with Lean Automation, we aim to develop a data visualisation solution to enable decision-makers in a plastic factory to improve their production process. We will investigate three different aspects of the solution: methods for processing multivariate time-series data, clustering approaches for the sensory-data cultivated, and visualisation techniques that maximises production process insights. We use a formative evaluation method to develop a solution that meets partners' requirements and best practices within the field. Through building the MTSI dashboard tool, we hope to answer questions on optimal techniques to represent, cluster and visualise multivariate time series data. ",
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        "title": "A Study of Multi-Document Active Reading in Analog and Digital Environments",
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        "abstract": "Despite the many improvements in the digital domain, knowledge workers still frequently switch between digital and analog materials and tools during their work. In doing so, they accept \"switching costs\" (such as time and resources) to perform active reading and related activities in their preferred (analog) environment. Previous studies show that active reading is more efficient using analog materials and tools than using digital ones. However, up to now, it is not fully understood what exactly leads to the superiority of analog active reading over digital active reading. The goal of this thesis is to directly compare the behaviors and strategies employed by users during active reading of multiple documents in analog and digital environments. This comparison serves to gain more detailed insights into which (sub-)areas of active reading (annotating, highlighting, note-taking, and spatial organization) are different in the two environments, what might be possible reasons for these differences, and most importantly, how to improve the experience of digital active reading in the future. As part of the comparison, it is also possible to determine whether analog active reading is still more efficient than digital active reading when using a large screen that provides a similar amount of space as an analog workstation. Thus, in a qualitative, controlled, partly confirmatory, partly exploratory, user study, users' behaviors and strategies during active reading of multiple documents in analog and digital environments are compared to investigate the previously mentioned aspects. The results show that analog active reading is still more efficient than digital active reading despite the use of a large screen. Additionally, the evaluation was able to identify differences in behaviors and adaptations of strategies used due to the accessibility and availability of tools. In particular, there is still considerable potential for improvement in the area of spatial organization during digital active reading.",
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        "abstract": "Our world is becoming more digital each year, new parts of our daily life become\nconnected and the amount and complexity of the produced data increases steadily.\nThe analysis of this data enables big opportunities for science and industry. A\nsubset of this data is organized in the form of hierarchical networks or can be\ntransformed by clustering algorithms into hierarchical layers. We see this in multiple\napplication domains for example medical research where connections, group and\ncluster memberships of diseases are tracked; social science where relationships\nare mapped in company organization charts; in software engineering in the form of\nbuild-, dependency- and source code version management software with hierarchical\nconnections between software modules, versions and layered software architecture.\n\nHowever, getting insight into this complex data with traditional two-dimensional\nvisualization is getting more difficult as the visual clutter increases significantly with\nthe exponentially growth of data we saw in recent years. Therefore, we need new\nmethods and techniques to facilitate and expedite the analysis process. In this thesis,\nwe investigate a new approach to visualize hierarchical network data by extending\nalready existing concepts of two-dimensional hierarchical network visualizations\nwith a third dimension and applying it to a virtual reality based visualization system.\nWe believe that the capabilities of virtual reality devices, such as improved\nspatial impression and interaction possibilities by room-scale tracked headsets and\ncontrollers allow the visualization to fully utilize the benefits of three-dimensional\ninformation visualization. Therefore, it should be possible to analyze even bigger\nand more complex hierarchical networks than currently possible with conventional\ntwo-dimensional visualizations.",
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        "id": "pirch_2021_VRN",
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        "title": "The VRNetzer platform enables interactive network analysis in Virtual Reality",
        "date": "2021-04",
        "abstract": "Networks provide a powerful representation of interacting components within complex\nsystems, making them ideal for visually and analytically exploring big data. However, the size\nand complexity of many networks render static visualizations on typically-sized paper or\nscreens impractical, resulting in proverbial ‘hairballs’. Here, we introduce a Virtual Reality\n(VR) platform that overcomes these limitations by facilitating the thorough visual, and\ninteractive, exploration of large networks. Our platform allows maximal customization and\nextendibility, through the import of custom code for data analysis, integration of external\ndatabases, and design of arbitrary user interface elements, among other features. As a proof\nof concept, we show how our platform can be used to interactively explore genome-scale\nmolecular networks to identify genes associated with rare diseases and understand how they\nmight contribute to disease development. Our platform represents a general purpose, VRbased\ndata exploration platform for large and diverse data types by providing an interface\nthat facilitates the interaction between human intuition and state-of-the-art analysis\nmethods.",
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        "title": "PREVIS: Predictive visual analytics of anatomical variability for radiotherapy decision support",
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        "abstract": "adiotherapy (RT) requires meticulous planning prior to treatment, where the RT plan is optimized with organ delineations on a pre-treatment Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the patient. The conventionally fractionated treatment usually lasts several weeks. Random changes (e.g., rectal and bladder filling in prostate cancer patients) and systematic changes (e.g., weight loss) occur while the patient is being treated. Therefore, the delivered dose distribution may deviate from the planned. Modern technology, in particular image guidance, allows to minimize these deviations, but risks for the patient remain.\n\nWe present PREVIS, a visual analytics tool for:\n\n(i) the exploration and prediction of changes in patient anatomy during the upcoming treatment, and\n\n(ii) the assessment of treatment strategies, with respect to the anticipated changes.\n\nRecords of during-treatment changes from a retrospective imaging cohort with complete data are employed in PREVIS, to infer expected anatomical changes of new incoming patients with incomplete data, using a generative model. Abstracted representations of the retrospective cohort partitioning provide insight into an underlying automated clustering, showing main modes of variation for past patients. Interactive similarity representations support an informed selection of matching between new incoming patients and past patients. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based generative model describes the predicted spatial probability distributions of the incoming patient’s organs in the upcoming weeks of treatment, based on observations of past patients. The generative model is interactively linked to treatment plan evaluation, supporting the selection of the optimal treatment strategy.\n\nWe present a usage scenario, demonstrating the applicability of PREVIS in a clinical research setting, and we evaluate our visual analytics tool with eight clinical researchers.",
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        "abstract": "Metro maps are essential when navigating through a public transportation network. They are schematic maps that have the aim to make orientation and navigation through a metro system easier. But creating them is quite complicated. Therefore numerous algorithms have been developed in the past trying to generate these maps automatically. The downside to using this approach is, that the designer only has limited possibilities to influence the resulting layout as well as contextual information of the city can not be taken into account. In order to overcome this limitation, this thesis presents a method where a potential user could influence the resulting layout by adding a set of guide paths. This method can be used to create artistically pleasing metro maps as well as make metro lines follow symbolic shapes in the layout. A mixed-layout – where some edges are rotated to be parallel to the closest guide path and other parts are octilinear – is proposed to integrate the guide paths better into the layout. To outline the potentials of this approach, examples of several metro networks were generated and are later also discussed.",
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        "title": "Visualization of Semantic Differential Studies with a Large Number of Images, Participants and Attributes",
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        "abstract": "The Semantic Differential (SD) Method is a rating scale to measure the semantics. Attributes of SD are constructed by collecting the responses of participant’s impres- sions of the objects expressed through Likert scales representing multiple contrasting with some adjective pairs, for example, dark and bright, formal and casual, etc. Impression evaluation can be used as an index that reflects a human subjective feelings to some extent. Impression evaluations using the SD method consist of the responses of many participants, and therefore, the individual differences in the impressions of the participants greatly affect the content of the data. In this study, we propose a visualization system to analyze three aspects of SD, objects (images), participants, and attributes defined by adjective pairs. We visualize the impression evaluation data by applying dimension reduction so that, users can discover the trends and outliers of the data, such as images that are hard to judge or participants that act unpredictably. The system firstly visualizes the attributes or color distribution of the images by applying a dimensional reduction method to the impression or RGB values of each image. Then, our approach displays the average and median of each attribute near the images. This way, we can visualize the three aspects of objects, participants and attributes on a single screen and observe the relationships between image features and user impressions / attribute space. We introduce visualization examples of our system with the dataset inviting 21 participants who performed impression evaluations with 300 clothing images.",
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        "title": "Semi-Automatic Creation of Concept Maps",
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        "title": "Volumetric Image Segmentation on Multimodal Medical Images using Deep Learning",
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        "abstract": "The automatic segmentation of tumors on different imaging modalities supports medical experts in patient diagnosis and treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRl), Computed Tomography (CT), or Positron Emission Tomography (PET) show the tumor in a different anatomical. functional, or molecular context. The fusion of this multimodal information leads to more profound knowledge and enabler more precise diagnoses. So far, the potential of multimodal data is only used by a few established segmentation methods. Moreover, much less is known about multimodal methods that provide several multimodal-specific tumor segmentations instead of single segmentations for a specific modality. \nThis thesis aims to develop a segmentation method that uses multimodal context to improve t the modality-specific segmentation results. For the implementation, an artificial neural network is used, which is based on a fully convolution neural network. The network architecture  has been designed to learn complex multimodal features to predict multiple tumor segmentations on different modalities efficiently. \nThe evaluation is based on a dataset consisting of MRl aid PET /CT scans of soft soft tissue tumors. The experiment investigated how different network architectures, multimodal fusion strategies, and input modalities affect the segmentation results. Tbc investigation showed that multimodal rondels lead to significantly better results than models for single modalities. Promising results have been achieved with multimodal models that segment several modality-specific tumor contours simultaneously.\n",
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        "title": "Artistic Metro Maps",
        "date": "2020-06-10",
        "abstract": "The creation of visually pleasing artistic metro maps usually requires a designer and a lot of effort, and while the automatic generation of regular metro maps has been done via several methods, none focus on the artistic aspect. To make the process easier for designers this thesis introduces a method that automatically creates maps that can either be used as they are, or used as baseline for the future design process. The goal of this thesis is to find a method and based on that create a prototype that generates metro maps in arbitrary shapes that simply requires the map and contour as input. Additional parameters are supposed to allow a user to make adjustments if so desired. The general approach is to first prepare the map as well as the contour for the following least squares calculations that reshape the map in a way to fit the contour and then create the look of a typical metro map. To test the algorithm and showcase its results it is applied to two different maps and seven different shapes. These results indicate that the introduced approach is capable of creating metro maps in arbitrary shapes, but need further adjustments by a designer to finalize the map.",
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        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": "20.500.12708/58256",
        "title": "PINGU Principles of Interactive Navigation for Geospatial Understanding",
        "date": "2020-06",
        "abstract": "Monitoring conditions in the periglacial areas of Antarctica helps geographers and geologists to understand physical processes associated with mesoscale land systems. Analyzing these unique temporal datasets poses a significant challenge for domain experts, due to the complex and often incomplete data, for which corresponding exploratory tools are not available. In this paper, we present a novel visual analysis tool for extraction and interactive exploration of temporal measurements captured at the polar station at the James Ross Island in Antarctica. The tool allows domain experts to quickly extract information about the snow level, originating from a series of photos acquired by trail cameras. Using linked views, the domain experts can interactively explore and combine this information with other spatial and non-spatial measures, such as temperature or wind speed, to reveal the interplay of periglacial and aeolian processes. An abstracted interactive map of the area indicates the position of measurement spots to facilitate navigation. The design of the tool was made in tight collaboration with geographers, which resulted in an early prototype, tested in the pilot study. The following version of the tool and its usability has been evaluated in the user study with five domain experts and their feedback was incorporated into the final version, presented in this paper. This version was again discussed with two experts in an informal interview. Within these evaluations, they confirmed the significant benefit of the tool for their research tasks.",
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    {
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        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": "20.500.12708/140650",
        "title": "A Survey on Transit Map Layout – from Design, Machine, and Human Perspectives",
        "date": "2020-05-25",
        "abstract": "Transit maps are designed to present information for using public transportation systems, such as urban railways. Creating a transit map is a time-consuming process, which requires iterative information selection, layout design, and usability validation, and thus maps cannot easily be customised or updated frequently. To improve this, scientists investigate fully- or semi-automatic techniques in order to produce high quality transit maps using computers and further examine their corresponding usability. Nonetheless, the quality gap between manually-drawn maps and machine-generated maps is still large. To elaborate the current research status, this state-of-the-art report provides an overview of the transit map generation process, primarily from Design, Machine, and Human perspectives. A systematic categorisation is introduced to describe the design pipeline, and an extensive analysis of perspectives is conducted to support the proposed taxonomy. We conclude this survey with a discussion on the current research status, open challenges, and future directions.",
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        "abstract": "Visual analytics concerns analytical reasoning supported by interactive visual interfaces. Radiation therapy is a complex treatment approach that requires careful planning. Visual analytics and visual computing are supportive in the entire radiation therapy workflow. After a brief survey on the workflow, concrete examples about radiation therapy planning for pelvic organs will be treated in detail. One example discusses visual analytics for the exploration of radio-therapy-induced bladder toxicity in a cohort study. Clinical researchers want to correlate bladder shape variations to dose deviations and toxicity risk through cohort studies, to understand which specific bladder shape characteristics are more prone to side effects. In another example the pelvic organ variability in a cohort of radiotherapy patients is visualized. The application addresses the global exploration and analysis of pelvic organ shape variability in an abstracted tabular view and the local exploration and analysis thereof in anatomical 2D/3D views, where comparative and ensemble visualizations are integrated. Research challenges and directions are sketched at the end of the talk.",
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        "title": "Lessons Learnt from Developing Visual Analytics Applications for Adaptive Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy",
        "date": "2020-05",
        "abstract": "In radiotherapy (RT), changes in patient anatomy throughout the treatment period might lead to deviations between planned\nand delivered dose, resulting in inadequate tumor coverage and/or overradiation of healthy tissues. Adapting the treatment to\naccount for anatomical changes is anticipated to enable higher precision and less toxicity to healthy tissues. Corresponding\ntools for the in-depth exploration and analysis of available clinical cohort data were not available before our work. In this\npaper, we discuss our on-going process of introducing visual analytics to the domain of adaptive RT for prostate cancer. This\nhas been done through the design of three visual analytics applications, built for clinical researchers working on the deployment\nof robust RT treatment strategies. We focus on describing our iterative design process, and we discuss the lessons learnt from\nour fruitful collaboration with clinical domain experts and industry, interested in integrating our prototypes into their workflow.",
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        "title": "Wilangyman - Eine Google-Chrome Erweiterung die Wikipedia-Artikel um fremdsprachliche Inhalte ergänzt",
        "date": "2020-04",
        "abstract": "Wikipedia-Artikel unterscheiden sich in den unterschiedlichen Sprachversionen oft in\nStruktur und Inhalt. Manche Informationen sind nicht in allen Sprachen verfügbar.\nDas hat zur Folge, dass NutzerInnen wichtige Daten aus der Online Enzyklopädie\nentgehen, wenn sie sich auf eine Sprache beschränken. Ziel von Wilangyman ist es, diese\nInformationen zusammenzuführen und sie in übersichtlicher Art dem Nutzer oder der\nNutzerin zu präsentieren. Die Artikel werden mittels Natural Language Processing (NLP)\nverglichen und und anhand ihrer Ähnlichkeiten miteinander verknüpft. Korrespondierende\nPassagen mit zusätzlichem Informationsgehalt werden absatzweise dargestellt. Inhaltliche\nRedundanzen sollen dabei vermieden werden.",
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        "title": "Interactive exploration of large time-dependent bipartite graphs",
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        "abstract": "Bipartite graphs are typically visualized using linked lists or matrices, but these visualizations neither scale well nor do they convey temporal development. We present a new interactive exploration interface for large, time-dependent bipartite graphs. We use two clustering techniques to build a hierarchical aggregation supporting different exploration strategies. Aggregated nodes and edges are visualized as linked lists with nested time series. We demonstrate two use cases: finding advertising expenses of public authorities following similar temporal patterns and comparing author-keyword co-occurrences across time. Through a user study, we show that linked lists with hierarchical aggregation lead to more insights than without.",
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        "title": "Interactive Visualization of Simulation Data for GeospatialDecision Support",
        "date": "2020-01-19",
        "abstract": "Floods are catastrophic events that claim thousands of human lives every year. For theprediction of these events, interactive decision support systems with integrated floodsimulation have become a vital tool. Recent technological advances made it possibleto simulate flooding scenarios of unprecedented scale and resolution, resulting in verylarge time-dependent data. The amount of simulation data is further amplified by theuse of ensemble simulations to make predictions more robust, yielding high-dimensionaland uncertain data far too large for manual exploration. New strategies are thereforeneeded to filter these data and to display only the most important information to supportdomain experts in their daily work. This includes the communication of results to decisionmakers, emergency services, stakeholders, and the general public. A modern decisionsupport system has to be able to provide visual results that are useful for domain experts,but also comprehensible for larger audiences. Furthermore, for an efficient workflow, theentire process of simulation, analysis, and visualization has to happen in an interactivefashion, putting serious time constraints on the system.In this thesis, we present novel visualization techniques for time-dependent and uncertainflood, logistics, and pedestrian simulation data for an interactive decision support system.As the heterogeneous tasks in flood management require very diverse visualizations fordifferent target audiences, we provide solutions to key tasks in the form of task-specificand user-specific visualizations. This allows the user to show or hide detailed informationon demand to obtain comprehensible and aesthetic visualizations to support the task athand. In order to identify the impact of flooding incidents on a building of interest, onlya small subset of all available data is relevant, which is why we propose a solution toisolate this information from the massive simulation data. To communicate the inherentuncertainty of resulting predictions of damages and hazards, we introduce a consistentstyle for visualizing the uncertainty within the geospatial context. Instead of directlyshowing simulation data in a time-dependent manner, we propose the use of bidirectionalflow maps with multiple components as a simplified representation of arbitrary materialflows. For the communication of flood risks in a comprehensible way, however, thedirect visualization of simulation data over time can be desired. Apart from the obviouschallenges of the complex simulation data, the discrete nature of the data introducesadditional problems for the realistic visualization of water surfaces, for which we proposerobust solutions suitable for real-time applications. All of our findings have been acquiredthrough a continuous collaboration with domain experts from several flood-related fieldsof work. The thorough evaluation of our work by these experts confirms the relevanceand usefulness of our presented solutions. \n",
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        "date": "2020-01",
        "abstract": "Collaborative decision-making has become an integral part of the analysis process aiming to get insight into multivariate\ndata. To further encourage this workflow numerous co-located, multi-user systems have been developed consisting of large\nmulti-touch screens or interactive tabletops. But such frameworks are typically expensive and unavailable outside dedicated\nenvironments as for example laboratories. Therefore we developed the Dynamic Data Explorer, short DDE, a multi-user system\nthat enables users to join, in an ad-hoc manner, with their own mobile devices. Since forming groups should be possible in\nvarious locations, the tracking system, enabling spatial awareness of the devices, has to be light-weight and small. Near Field\nCommunication (NFC) is a widespread transmission technology which fulfils these properties and is used in our framework to\nenable different side-by-side arrangements of devices. This allows users to explore multivarate data visualizations on a system\nwhere the number of devices and their set-up can be modified at all times.",
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        "title": "Map of Metabolic Harmony",
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        "title": "Pelvis Runner: Visualizing Pelvic Organ Variability in a Cohort of Radiotherapy Patients",
        "date": "2019-09",
        "abstract": "In radiation therapy, anatomical changes in the patient might lead to deviations between the planned and delivered dose--including inadequate tumor coverage, and overradiation of healthy tissues. Exploring and analyzing anatomical changes throughout the entire treatment period can help clinical researchers to design appropriate treatment strategies, while identifying patients that are more prone to radiation-induced toxicity. We present the Pelvis Runner, a novel application for exploring the variability of segmented pelvic organs in multiple patients, across the entire radiation therapy treatment process. Our application addresses (i) the global exploration and analysis of pelvic organ shape variability in an abstracted tabular view and (ii) the local exploration and analysis thereof in anatomical 2D/3D views, where comparative and ensemble visualizations are integrated. The workflow is based on available retrospective cohort data, which incorporate segmentations of the bladder, the prostate, and the rectum through the entire radiation therapy process. The Pelvis Runner is applied to four usage scenarios, which were conducted with two clinical researchers, i.e., medical physicists. Our application provides clinical researchers with promising support in demonstrating the significance of treatment plan adaptation to anatomical changes.",
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        "tu_id": 283963,
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        "title": "preha: Establishing Precision Rehabilitation with Visual Analytics",
        "date": "2019-09",
        "abstract": "This design study paper describes preha, a novel visual analytics application in the field of in-patient rehabilitation. We conducted extensive interviews with the intended users, i.e., engineers and clinical rehabilitation experts, to determine specific requirements of their analytical process.We identified nine tasks, for which suitable solutions have been designed and developed in the flexible environment of kibana. Our application is used to analyze existing rehabilitation data from a large cohort of 46,000 patients, and it is the first integrated solution of its kind. It incorporates functionalities for data preprocessing (profiling, wrangling and cleansing), storage, visualization, and predictive analysis on the basis of retrospective outcomes. A positive feedback from the first evaluation with domain experts indicates the usefulness of the newly proposed approach and represents a solid foundation for the introduction of visual analytics to the rehabilitation domain.",
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        "title": "Analysis of Long Molecular Dynamics Simulations Using Interactive Focus+Context Visualization",
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        "abstract": "Analyzing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is a key aspect to understand protein dynamics and function. With increasing computational power, it is now possible to generate very long and complex simulations, which are cumbersome to explore using traditional 3D animations of protein movements. Guided by requirements derived from multiple focus groups with protein engineering experts, we designed and developed a novel interactive visual analysis approach for long and crowded MD simulations. In this approach, we link a dynamic 3D focus+context visualization with a 2D chart of time series data to guide the detection and navigation towards important spatio-temporal events. The 3D visualization renders elements of interest in more detail and increases the temporal resolution dependent on the time series data or the spatial region of interest. In case studies with different MD simulation data sets and research questions, we found that the proposed visual analysis approach facilitates exploratory analysis to generate, confirm, or reject hypotheses about causalities. Finally, we derived design guidelines for interactive visual analysis of complex MD simulation data.",
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        "abstract": "Schematizing railway networks for better readability is often achieved by aligning railway lines along the octilinear directions. However, such railway map layouts require further adjustment when placing station name labels. In this article, the authors present a novel approach to automating the placement of station names around the railway network while maximally respecting its original layout as the mental map. The key idea is to progressively annotate stations from congested central downtown areas to sparse rural areas. This is accomplished by introducing the sum of geodesic distances over the railway network to properly order the stations to be annotated first, and then elongating the line segments of the railway network while retaining their directions to spare enough labeling space around each station. Additional constraints are also introduced to restrict the aspect ratios of the region confined by the railway network for better preservation of the mental map.",
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        "id": "Troidl_2019",
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        "title": "Flow Visualization on Curved Manifolds",
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        "date_end": "2019-05-29",
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    {
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        "tu_id": 280645,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Metabopolis: Scalable Network Layout for Biological Pathway Diagrams in Urban Map Style",
        "date": "2019-05-15",
        "abstract": "Background\nBiological pathways represent chains of molecular interactions in biological systems that jointly form complex dynamic networks. The network structure changes from the significance of biological experiments and layout algorithms often sacrifice low-level details to maintain high-level information, which complicates the entire image to large biochemical systems such as human metabolic pathways.\n\nResults\nOur work is inspired by concepts from urban planning since we create a visual hierarchy of biological pathways, which is analogous to city blocks and grid-like road networks in an urban area. We automatize the manual drawing process of biologists by first partitioning the map domain into multiple sub-blocks, and then building the corresponding pathways by routing edges schematically, to maintain the global and local context simultaneously. Our system incorporates constrained floor-planning and network-flow algorithms to optimize the layout of sub-blocks and to distribute the edge density along the map domain. We have developed the approach in close collaboration with domain experts and present their feedback on the pathway diagrams based on selected use cases.\n\nConclusions\nWe present a new approach for computing biological pathway maps that untangles visual clutter by decomposing large networks into semantic sub-networks and bundling long edges to create space for presenting relationships systematically.",
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    {
        "id": "Rippberger_2019",
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        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Data-Driven Anatomical Layouting of Brain Network Graphs",
        "date": "2019-04-18",
        "abstract": "The visualization of brain networks today offers a variety of different tools and approaches. Representations in 2D such as connectograms, connectivity matrices, and node-link diagrams are common but an abstract visualization of the network without any anatomical context. Visualizations tools show anatomical context in 2D but adjust it especially for\na certain species as for example the fruit fly’s brain. This project presents a tool for data-driven brain network visualization using the open-source graph library Cytoscape.js to avoid hard coded spatial constraints. The goal of the project was to find a layout algorithm that resembles the anatomical structure of the brain visualized without any hard coded constraints. After testing the layouts, they have been evaluated on different\nproperties like symmetry, node overlapping, and anatomical resemblence. Additionally,\nwe conducted an open discussion with collaborators of the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna and present the results.",
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        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "OptiRoute: Interactive Maps for Wayfinding in a Complex Environment",
        "date": "2019-04-11",
        "abstract": "Visitors to amusement parks use mobile map appli- cations to decide where to go and to plan efficient routes. Such applications are especially helpful when visitors wish to avoid re-tracking their steps or visiting regions in the park several times. Visitors have limited time in the park, which typically covers a very large area, and the attractions have waiting times of varying duration. Time management is therefore important. In this paper, we propose a new visualization technique to support such route decision making, using an interactive environment. The main contribution of our system, OptiRoute, is the automatic computation of an optimal route between selected attractions as well as its effective visualization, which focuses on reducing visual clutter. This is achieved by improving the branch and bound route-finding algorithm, and introducing an intersection minimization algorithm for route representation. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach through a case study of Tokyo Disneyland, in addition to a user study.",
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    {
        "id": "wu-2019-smw",
        "type_id": "WorkshopTalk",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": " A Survey on Computing Schematic Network Maps: The Challenge to Interactivity",
        "date": "2019-04-11",
        "abstract": "Schematic maps are in daily use to show the connec- tivity of subway systems and to facilitate travellers to plan their journeys effectively. This study surveys up-to-date algorithmic approaches in order to give an overview of the state of the art in schematic network mapping. The study investigates the hypothesis that the choice of algorithmic approach is often guided by the requirements of the mapping application. For example, an algorithm that computes globally optimal solutions for schematic maps is capable of producing results for printing, while it is not suitable for computing instant layouts due to its long running time. Our analysis and discussion, therefore, focus on the compu- tational complexity of the problem formulation and the running times of the schematic map algorithms, including algorithmic network layout techniques and station labeling techniques. The correlation between problem complexity and running time is then visually depicted using scatter plot diagrams. Moreover, since metro maps are common metaphors for data visualization, we also investigate online tools and application domains using metro map representations for analytics purposes, and finally summarize the potential future opportunities for schematic maps.",
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        "title": "Cuttlefish: Color Mapping for Dynamic Multi‐Scale Visualizations",
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        "title": "A Novel Approach for Immediate, Interactive CT Data Visualization andEvaluation using GPU-based Segmentation and Visual Analysis",
        "date": "2019-02",
        "abstract": "CT data of industrially produced cast metal parts are often afflicted\nwith artefacts due to complex geometries ill-suited for the scanning\nprocess. Simple global threshold-based porosity detection algorithms\nusually fail to deliver meaningful results. Other adaptive methods can\nhandle image artefacts, but require long preprocessing times. This makes\nan efficient analysis workflow infeasible. We propose an alternative\napproach for analyzing and visualizing volume defects in a fully\ninteractive manner, where analyzing volumes becomes more of an\ninteractive exploration instead of time-consuming parameter guessing\ninterrupted by long processing times. Our system is based on a highly\nefficient GPU implementation of a segmentation algorithm for porosity\ndetection. The runtime is on the order of seconds for a full volume and\nparametrization is kept simple due to a single threshold parameter. A\nfully interactive user interface comprised of multiple linked views\nallows to quickly identify defects of interest, while filtering out\nartefacts even in noisy areas.",
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        "abstract": "Bipartite graphs are typically visualized using linked\nlists or matrices. However, these classic visualization techniques\ndo not scale well with the number of nodes. Biclustering has\nbeen used to aggregate edges, but not to create linked lists\nwith thousands of nodes. In this paper, we present a new\ncasual exploration interface for large, weighted bipartite graphs,\nwhich allows for multi-scale exploration through hierarchical\naggregation of nodes and edges using biclustering in linked\nlists. We demonstrate the usefulness of the technique using two\ndata sets: a database of media advertising expenses of public\nauthorities and author-keyword co-occurrences from the IEEE\nVisualization Publication collection. Through an insight-based\nstudy with lay users, we show that the biclustering interface leads\nto longer exploration times, more insights, and more unexpected\nfindings than a baseline interface using only filtering. However,\nusers also perceive the biclustering interface as more complex.",
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        "title": "Human-Oriented Statistical Modeling: Making Algorithms Accessible through Interactive Visualization",
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        "abstract": "Statistical modeling is a key technology for generating business value from data. While the number of available algorithms and the need for them is growing, the number of people with the skills to effectively use such methods lags behind. Many application domain experts find it hard to use and trust algorithms that come as black boxes with insufficient interfaces to adapt. The field of Visual Analytics aims to solve this problem by a human-oriented approach that puts users in control of algorithms through interactive\nvisual interfaces. However, designing accessible solutions for a broad set of users while re-using existing, proven algorithms poses significant challenges for the design of analytical infrastructures, visualizations, and interactions.\nThis thesis provides multiple contributions towards a more human-oriented modeling\nprocess: As a theoretical basis, it investigates how user involvement during the execution of algorithms can be realized from a technical perspective. Based on a characterization of needs regarding intermediate feedback and control, a set of formal strategies to realize user involvement in algorithms with different characteristics is presented. Guidelines\nfor the design of algorithmic APIs are identified, and requirements for the re-use of algorithms are discussed. From a survey of frequently used algorithms within R, the\nthesis concludes that a range of pragmatic options for enabling user involvement in new and existing algorithms exist and should be used. After these conceptual considerations, the thesis presents two methodological contributions that demonstrate how even inexperienced modelers can be effectively involved in the\nmodeling process. First, a new technique called TreePOD guides the selection of decision trees along trade-offs between accuracy and other objectives, such as interpretability.\nUsers can interactively explore a diverse set of candidate models generated by sampling the parameters of tree construction algorithms. Visualizations provide an overview of possible tree characteristics and guide model selection, while details on the underlying machine learning process are only exposed on demand. Real-world evaluation with\ndomain experts in the energy sector suggests that TreePOD enables users with and without statistical background a confident identification of suitable decision trees. As the second methodological contribution, the thesis presents a framework for interactive\nbuilding and validation of regression models. The framework addresses limitations of automated regression algorithms regarding the incorporation of domain knowledge, identifying local dependencies, and building trust in the models. Candidate variables for model refinement are ranked, and their relationship with the target variable is visualized to support an interactive workflow of building regression models. A real-world case study and feedback from domain experts in the energy sector indicate a significant effort\nreduction and increased transparency of the modeling process.\nAll methodological contributions of this work were implemented as part of a commercially distributed Visual Analytics software called Visplore. As the last contribution, this thesis reflects upon years of experience in deploying Visplore for modeling-related tasks in the energy sector. Dissemination and adoption are important aspects of making statistical\nmodels more accessible for domain experts, making this work relevant for practitioners\nand application-oriented researchers alike.",
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        "abstract": "Seeking relationships in multi-dimensional datasets is a common task, but can quickly\nbecome tedious due to the heterogeneity and increasing size of the data. Its visualization can be approached in a variety of ways: (i) projection techniques decrease the number of dimensions to a fraction before visualizing items, creating clusters where similarities in the high-level space may be derived; (ii) overview visualization techniques display selected\nattributes and all of their items’ values to discover patterns and find relationships; (iii) tabular techniques give an insight into the individual items and thus favor their detailed\nanalysis and exploration.\nHowever, while the interactive selection of a data subset during exploration is most easily done with tabular visualizations, finding relationships and patterns is not. Also, with overview techniques the number of attribute combinations quickly outgrows reasonable dimensions.\nIn this thesis, a data-driven touring process for Visual Analytics (VA) tools is presented that guides users in discovering relationships for a data subset of their interest. Based on the user’s selection, attributes that show some kind of similarity are presented. The selection can be done on attribute and item level. While a selected attribute is compared to all other attributes in the dataset, item sets are compared to the individual\ncategories of attributes. This comparison can be based on a number of similarity measures.\nTo cope with heterogeneity of data types, numerical attributes are discretized to achieve maximum similarity. In hierarchical attributes, the most similar subtree is sought. The touring process is also independent of the data domain and its visualization. This independence is demonstrated by the use of three different datasets and the integration of the touring process into two VA systems. These extended systems were shown to medical experts of the Kepler University Hospital, who will use them in the near future. Their feedback was incorporated to improve the guidance process.",
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    {
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        "title": "Progressive Annotation of Schematic Railway Maps",
        "date": "2018-07",
        "abstract": "Octilinear network layouts are commonly used as the schematic\nrepresentation of railway maps due to their enhanced readability.\nHowever, it is often time-consuming to place station names on such\nrailway maps by trial and error, especially within the limited labeling\nspace around interchange stations. This paper presents a progressive\napproach to placing station names around stations in schematic railway\nmaps for better automation of map labeling processes. The idea behind\nour approach is to annotate stations in dense downtown areas around the\ninterchange stations first and then those in sparse rural areas. This is\nachieved by introducing the sum of geodesic distances over the railway\nnetwork to identify the proper order in which to annotate stations. In\nthe actual annotation process, we increase the labeling space around the\nrailway network when necessary by progressively stretching railway line\nsegments while retaining their original directions, which allows us to\nrespect the original schematic layout as much as possible. We present\nseveral experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the\nproposed approach, together with a discussion on parameter tuning in our\nformulation.",
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        "abstract": "Visualization designers have several visual channels at their disposal for encoding data into visual representations, e.g., position, size, shape, orientation, color, texture, brightness, as well as motion. The mapping of attributes to visual channels can be chosen by the designer. In theory, any data attribute can be represented by any of these visual channels or by a combination of multiple of these channels. In practice, the optimal mapping and the most suitable type of visualization strongly depend on the data as well as on the user's task. In the visualization of spatial data, the mapping of spatial attributes to visual channels is inherently given by the data. Multifaceted spatial data possesses a wide range of additional (non-spatial) attributes without a given mapping. The data's given spatial context is often important for successfully fulfilling a task. The design space in spatial data visualization can therefore be heavily constrained when trying to choose an optimal mapping for other attributes within the spatial context. To solve an exploration or presentation task in the domain of multifaceted spatial data, special strategies have to be employed in order to integrate the essential information from the various data facets in an appropriate representation form with the spatial context.\nThis thesis explores visualization integration strategies for multifaceted spatial data. The first part of this thesis describes the design space of integration in terms of two aspects: visual and functional integration. Visual integration describes how representations of the different data facets can be visually composed within a spatial context. Functional integration, describes how events that have been triggered, for instance, through user interaction, can be coordinated across the various visually integrated representations.\nThe second part of this thesis describes contributions to the field of visualization in the context of concrete integration applications for exploration and presentation scenarios. The first scenario addresses a set of challenges in the exploratory analysis of multifaceted spatial data in the scope of a decision making scenario in lighting design. The user's task is to find an optimal lighting solution among dozens or even hundreds of potential candidates. In the scope of a design study, the challenges in lighting design are addressed with LiteVis, a system that integrates representations of the simulation parameter space with representations of all relevant aspects of the simulation output. The integration of these heterogeneous aspects together with a novel ranking visualization are thereby the key to enabling an efficient exploration and comparison of lighting parametrizations.\nIn presentation scenarios, the generation of insights often cannot rely on user interaction and therefore needs a different approach. The challenge is to generate visually appealing, yet information-rich representations for mainly passive observation. In this context, this thesis addresses two different challenges in the domain of molecular visualization. The first challenge concerns the conveying of relations between two different representations of a molecular data set, such as a virus. The relation is established via animated transitions - a temporal form of integration between two representations. The proposed solution features a novel technique for creating such transitions that are re-usable for different data sets, and can be combined in a modular fashion. \nAnother challenge in presentation scenarios of multifaceted spatial data concerns the presentation of the transition between development states of molecular models, where the actual biochemical process of the transition is not exactly known or it is too complex to represent. A novel technique applies a continuous abstraction of both model representations to a level of detail at which the relationship between them can be accurately conveyed, in order to overcome a potential indication of false relationship information. Integration thereby brings the different abstraction levels and the different model states into relation with each other. The results of this thesis clearly demonstrate that integration is a versatile tool in overcoming key challenges in the visualization of multifaceted spatial data.\n",
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        "event": "RailTec 4.0 Workshop",
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        "title": "Visual Evaluation of Computational Models of the Biological Mesoscale",
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        "abstract": "Currently available techniques for capturing macromolecules on atomic level are not appropriate for large structures on the biological mesoscale. Therefore, those structures, such as viruses or cell organelles, have to be assembled from molecular building blocks using software tools. The goal of recent projects like cellPACK is to create models with these tools, allowing the scientific community to iteratively give feedback and edit the models, in order to eventually generate the most suitable illustration consistent with the current state of knowledge. For that purpose, we need to discern the values for properties like distribution, density or opacity that make a model preferable to others. \nThis thesis aims to create a software program for visual evaluation of the quality of the assembled structures. The program will extract the information about the quality of spatial distribution of molecules in the scenes produced by packing tools and plot it into a set of 2D representations. These will convey the statistical information about the distribution and enable the visual comparison of generated models, which vary not only due to the stochastic nature of the packing algorithms but also because of the use of different parameter settings.",
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    {
        "id": "geymayer-2017-std",
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        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "How Sensemaking Tools Influence Display Space Usage",
        "date": "2017-06",
        "abstract": "We explore how the availability of a sensemaking tool influences users’ knowledge externalization strategies. On a large display,\nusers were asked to solve an intelligence analysis task with or without a bidirectionally linked concept-graph (BLC) to organize\ninsights into concepts (nodes) and relations (edges). In BLC, both nodes and edges maintain “deep links” to the exact source\nphrases and sections in associated documents. In our control condition, we were able to reproduce previously described spatial\norganization behaviors using document windows on the large display. When using BLC, however, we found that analysts apply\nspatial organization to BLC nodes instead, use significantly less display space and have significantly fewer open windows.",
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    {
        "id": "waldner-2017-vph",
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        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Exploring Visual Prominence of Multi-Channel Highlighting in Visualizations",
        "date": "2017-05",
        "abstract": "Visualizations make rich use of multiple visual channels so that there are few resources left to make selected focus elements visually\ndistinct from their surrounding context. A large variety of highlighting techniques for visualizations has been presented in the past,\nbut there has been little systematic evaluation of the design space of highlighting. We explore highlighting from the perspective\nof visual marks and channels – the basic building blocks of visualizations that are directly controlled by visualization designers.\nWe present the results from two experiments, exploring the visual prominence of highlighted marks in scatterplots: First, using\nluminance as a single highlight channel, we found that visual prominence is mainly determined by the luminance difference between\nthe focus mark and the brightest context mark. The brightness differences between context marks and the overall brightness level\nhave negligible influence. Second, multi-channel highlighting using luminance and blur leads to a good trade-off between highlight\neffectiveness and aesthetics. From the results, we derive a simple highlight model to balance highlighting across multiple visual\nchannels and focus and context marks, respectively.",
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        "abstract": "The comparison of two or more objects is getting an increasingly important task in data analysis. Visualization systems successively have to move from representing one phenomenon to allowing users to analyze several datasets at once. Visualization systems can support the users in several ways. Firstly, comparison tasks can be supported in a very intuitive way by allowing users to place objects that should be compared in an appropriate context. Secondly, visualization systems can explicitly compute differences among the datasets and present the results to the user. In comparative visualization, researchers are working on new approaches for computer-supported techniques that provide data comparison functionality. Techniques from this research field can be used to compare two objects with each other, but often reach their limits if a multitude of objects (i.e., 100 or more) have to be compared. Large data collections that contain a lot of individual, but related, datasets with slightly different characteristics can be called ensembles. The individual datasets being part of an ensemble are called the ensemble members. Ensembles have been created in the simulation domain, especially for weather and climate research, for already quite some time. These domains were greatly driving the development of ensemble visualization techniques. Due to the availability of affordable computing resources and the multitude of different analysis algorithms (e.g., for segmentation), other domains nowadays also face similar problems. All together, this shows a great need for ensemble visualization techniques in various domains. Ensembles can either be analyzed in a feature-based or in a location-based way. In the case of a location-based analysis, the ensemble members are compared based on certain spatial data positions of interest. For such an analysis, local selection and analysis techniques for ensembles are needed.\n\nIn the course of this thesis different visual analytics techniques for the comparative visualization of datasets have been researched. A special focus has been set on providing scalable techniques, which makes them also suitable for ensemble datasets. The proposed techniques operate on different dataset types in 2D and 3D. In the first part of the thesis, a visual analytics approach for the analysis of 2D image datasets is introduced. The technique analyzes localized differences in 2D images. The approach not only identifies differences in the data, but also provides a technique to quickly find out what the differences are, and judge upon the underlying data. This way patterns can be found in the data, and outliers can be identified very quickly. As a second part of the thesis, a scalable application for the comparison of several similar 3D mesh datasets is described. Such meshes may be, for example, created by point-cloud reconstruction algorithms, using different parameter settings. Similar to the proposed technique for the comparison of 2D images, this application is also scalable to a large number of individual datasets. The application enables the automatic comparison of the meshes, searches interesting regions in the data, and allows users to also concentrate on local regions of interest. The analysis of the local regions is in this case done in 3D. The application provides the possibility to arrange local regions in a parallel coordinates plot. The regions are represented by the axes in the plot, and the input meshes are depicted as polylines. This way it can be very quickly spotted whether meshes produce good/bad results in a certain local region. In the third and last part of the thesis, a technique for the interactive analysis of local regions in a volume ensemble dataset is introduced. Users can pick regions of interest, and these regions can be arranged in a graph according to their similarity. The graph can then be used to detect similar regions with a similar data distribution within the ensemble, and to compare individual ensemble members against the rest of the ensemble. All proposed techniques and applications have been tested with real-world datasets from different domains. The results clearly show the usefulness of the techniques for the comparative analysis of ensembles.",
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        "title": "Visual analytics and rendering for tunnel crack analysis",
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        "abstract": "The visual analysis of surface cracks plays an essential role in tunnel maintenance when assessing the condition of a tunnel. To identify patterns of cracks, which endanger the structural integrity of its concrete surface, analysts need an integrated solution for visual analysis of geometric and multivariate data to decide if issuing a repair project is necessary. The primary contribution of this work is a design study, supporting tunnel crack analysis by tightly integrating geometric and attribute views to allow users a holistic visual analysis of geometric representations and multivariate attributes. Our secondary contribution is Visual Analytics and Rendering, a methodological approach which addresses challenges and recurring design questions in integrated systems. We evaluated the tunnel crack analysis solution in informal feedback sessions with experts from tunnel maintenance and surveying. We substantiated the derived methodology by providing guidelines and linking it to examples from the literature.",
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        "title": "Vis-a-ware: Integrating spatial and non-spatial visualization for visibility-aware urban planning",
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        "title": " Visual Analysis of Defects in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers for 4DCT Interrupted In situ Tests",
        "date": "2016",
        "abstract": "Material engineers use interrupted in situ tensile testing to investigate the damage mechanisms in composite materials. For\neach subsequent scan, the load is incrementally increased until the specimen is completely fractured. During the interrupted in situ testing of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRPs) defects of four types are expected to appear: matrix fracture, fiber/matrix debonding, fiber pull-out, and fiber fracture. There is a growing demand for the detection and analysis of these defects among the material engineers. In this paper, we present a novel workflow for the detection, classification, and visual analysis of defects in GFRPs using interrupted in situ tensile tests in combination with X-ray Computed Tomography. The workflow is based on the\nautomatic extraction of defects and fibers. We introduce the automatic Defect Classifier assigning the most suitable type to each defect based on its geometrical features. We present a visual analysis system that integrates four visualization methods: 1) the Defect Viewer highlights defects with visually encoded type in the context of the original CT image, 2) the Defect Density Maps provide an overview of the defect distributions according to type in 2D and 3D, 3) the Final Fracture Surface estimates the material fracture’s location and displays it as a 3D surface, 4) the 3D Magic Lens enables interactive exploration by combining detailed visualizations in the region of interest with overview visualizations as context. In collaboration with material engineers,\nwe evaluate our solution and demonstrate its practical applicability.",
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        "title": "Employing Visual Analytics to Aid the Design of White Matter Hyperintensity Classifiers.",
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        "title": "Run Watchers: Automatic Simulation-Based Decision Support in Flood Management",
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        "abstract": "In this paper, we introduce a simulation-based approach to design protection plans for flood events. Existing solutions require a lot of computation time for an exhaustive search, or demand for a time-consuming expert supervision and steering. We\npresent a faster alternative based on the automated control of multiple parallel simulation runs. Run Watchers are dedicated system components authorized to monitor simulation runs, terminate them, and start new runs originating from existing ones according to domain-specific rules. This approach allows for a more efficient traversal of the search space and overall performance improvements\ndue to a re-use of simulated states and early termination of failed runs. In the course of search, Run Watchers generate large and complex decision trees. We visualize the entire set of decisions made by Run Watchers using interactive, clustered timelines. In\naddition, we present visualizations to explain the resulting response plans. Run Watchers automatically generate storyboards to convey plan details and to justify the underlying decisions, including those which leave particular buildings unprotected. We evaluate\nour solution with domain experts.",
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        "abstract": "In this paper we propose a novel approach to hybrid visual steering of simulation ensembles. A simulation ensemble is a collection of simulation runs of the same simulation model using different sets of control parameters. Complex engineering systems have very large parameter spaces so a nai?ve sampling can result in prohibitively large simulation ensembles. Interactive steering of simulation ensembles provides the means to select relevant points in a multi-dimensional parameter space (design of experiment). Interactive steering efficiently reduces the number of simulation runs needed by coupling simulation and visualization and allowing a user to request new simulations on the fly. As system complexity grows, a pure interactive solution is not always sufficient. The new approach of hybrid steering combines interactive visual steering with automatic optimization. Hybrid steering allows a domain expert to interactively (in a visualization) select data points in an iterative manner, approximate the values in a continuous region of the simulation space (by regression) and automatically find the “best” points in this continuous region based on the specified constraints and objectives (by optimization). We argue that with the full spectrum of optimization options, the steering process can be improved substantially. We describe an integrated system consisting of a simulation, a visualization, and an optimization component. We also describe typical tasks and propose an interactive analysis workflow for complex engineering systems. We demonstrate our approach on a case study from automotive industry, the optimization of a hydraulic circuit in a high pressure common rail Diesel injection system.",
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        "title": "YMCA - Your Mesh Comparison Application",
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        "title": "The iCoCooN:Integration of Cobweb Charts with Parallel Coordinates forVisual Analysis of DCE-MRI Modeling Variations",
        "date": "2014",
        "abstract": "Efficacy of radiotherapy treatment depends on the specific characteristics of tumorous tissues. For the determi-nation of these characteristics, clinical practice uses Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) Magnetic ResonanceImaging (MRI). DCE-MRI data is acquired and modeled using pharmacokinetic modeling, to derive per voxela set of parameters, indicative of tissue properties. Different pharmacokinetic modeling approaches make differ-ent assumptions, resulting in parameters with different distributions. A priori, it is not known whether there aresignificant differences between modeling assumptions and which assumption is best to apply. Therefore, clinicalresearchers need to know at least how different choices in modeling affect the resulting pharmacokinetic parame-ters and also where parameter variations appear. In this paper, we introduce iCoCooN: a visualization applicationfor the exploration and analysis of model-induced variations in pharmacokinetic parameters. We designed a visualrepresentation, the Cocoon, by integrating perpendicularly Parallel Coordinate Plots (PCPs) with Cobweb Charts(CCs). PCPs display the variations in each parameter between modeling choices, while CCs present the relationsin a whole parameter set for each modeling choice. The Cocoon is equipped with interactive features to supportthe exploration of all data aspects in a single combined view. Additionally, interactive brushing allows to link theobservations from the Cocoon to the anatomy. We conducted evaluations with experts and also general users. Theclinical experts judged that the Cocoon in combination with its features facilitates the exploration of all significantinformation and, especially, enables them to find anatomical correspondences. The results of the evaluation withgeneral users indicate that the Cocoon produces more accurate results compared to independent multiples",
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    {
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        "title": "Visual analytics for the exploration of multiparametric cancer imaging",
        "date": "2014",
        "abstract": "Tumor  tissue  characterization  can  play  an  important  role  in  thediagnosis  and  design  of  effective  treatment  strategies.    In  orderto  gather  and  combine  the  necessary  tissue  information,  multi-modal  imaging  is  used  to  derive  a  number  of  parameters  indica-tive of tissue properties.  The exploration and analysis of relation-ships between parameters and, especially, of differences among dis-tinct intra-tumor regions is particularly interesting for clinical re-searchers to individualize tumor treatment.  However, due to highdata dimensionality and complexity, the current clinical workflowis time demanding and does not provide the necessary intra-tumorinsight.  We implemented a new application for the exploration ofthe relationships between parameters and heterogeneity within tu-mors.   In our approach,  we employ a well-known dimensionalityreduction technique [5] to map the high-dimensional space of tis-sue properties into a 2D information space that can be interactivelyexplored with integrated information visualization techniques.  Weconducted several usage scenarios with real-patient data, of whichwe  present  a  case  of  advanced  cervical  cancer.   First  indicationsshow that our application introduces new features and functionali-ties that are not available within the current clinical approach.",
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        "abstract": "Many application domains deal with multi-variate data that consists of both categorical and numerical information. Small-multiple\ndisplays are a powerful concept for comparing such data by juxtaposition. For comparison by overlay or by explicit encoding\nof computed differences, however, a specification of references is necessary. In this paper, we present a formal model for defining\nsemantically meaningful comparisons between many categories in a small-multiple display. Based on pivotized data that are hierarchically\npartitioned by the categories assigned to the x and y axis of the display, we propose two alternatives for structure-based\ncomparison within this hierarchy. With an absolute reference specification, categories are compared to a fixed reference category.\nWith a relative reference specification, in contrast, a semantic ordering of the categories is considered when comparing them either to\nthe previous or subsequent category each. Both reference specifications can be defined at multiple levels of the hierarchy (including\naggregated summaries), enabling a multitude of useful comparisons. We demonstrate the general applicability of our model in several\napplication examples using different visualizations that compare data by overlay or explicit encoding of differences.",
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        "title": "Visualization and Visual Analysis of Multi-faceted Scientific Data: A Survey",
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        "abstract": "Computational simulation has become instrumental in the design process in automotive engineering.\nVirtually all components and subsystems of automobiles can be simulated. The simulation can be repeated many times with varied parameter settings, thereby simulating many possible design choices. Each simulation run can produce a complex, multivariate, and usually timedependent result data set. The engineers’ goal is to generate useful knowledge from those data.\nThey need to understand the system’s behavior, find correlations in the results, conclude how results depend on the parameters, find optimal parameter combinations, and exclude the ones\nthat lead to undesired results.\n\nComputational analysis methods are widely used and necessary to analyze simulation data sets, but they are not always sufficient. They typically require that problems and interesting\ndata features can be precisely defined from the beginning. The results of automated analysis of complex problems may be difficult to interpret. Exploring trends, patterns, relations, and dependencies in time-dependent data through statistical aggregates is not always intuitive.\n\nIn this thesis, we propose techniques and methods for the interactive visual analysis (IVA) of simulation data sets. Compared to computational methods, IVA offers new and different analysis\nopportunities. Visual analysis utilizes human cognition and creativity, and can also incorporate the experts’ domain knowledge. Therefore, their insight into the data can be amplified, and also\nless precisely defined problems can be solved.\n\nWe introduce a data model that effectively represents the multi-run, time-dependent simulation\nresults as families of function graphs. This concept is central to the thesis, and many of the innovations in this thesis are closely related to it.We present visualization techniques for families of function graphs. Those visualizations, as well as well-known information visualization plots,\nare integrated into a coordinated multiple views framework. All views provide focus+context visualization.\nCompositions of brushes spanning several views can be defined iteratively to select\ninteresting features and promote information drill-down. Valuable insight into the spatial aspect\nof the data can be gained from (generally domain-specific) spatio-temporal visualizations. In\nthis thesis, we propose interactive, glyph-based 3D visualization techniques for the analysis of rigid and elastic multibody system simulations.\n\nWe integrate the on-demand computation of derived data attributes of families of function graphs into the analysis workflow. This facilitates the selection of deeply hidden data features\nthat cannot be specified by combinations of simple brushes on the original data attributes. The\ncombination of these building blocks supports interactive knowledge discovery. The analyst can\nbuild a mental model of the system; explore also unexpected features and relations; and generate, verify or reject hypotheses with visual tools; thereby gaining more insight into the data.\nComplex tasks, such as parameter sensitivity analysis and optimization can be solved. Although\nthe primary motivation for our work was the analysis of simulation data sets in automotive engineering,\nwe learned that this data model and the analysis procedures we identified are also applicable to several other problem domains. We discuss common tasks in the analysis of data\ncontaining families of function graphs.\n\nTwo case studies demonstrate that the proposed approach is indeed applicable to the analysis of simulation data sets in automotive engineering. Some of the contributions of this thesis have\nbeen integrated into a commercially distributed software suite for engineers. This suggests that\ntheir impact can extend beyond the visualization research community.",
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        "abstract": "Flood disasters are the most common natural risk and tremendous efforts are spent to improve their simulation and\nmanagement. However, simulation-based investigation of actions that can be taken in case of flood emergencies is rarely done.\nThis is in part due to the lack of a comprehensive framework which integrates and facilitates these efforts. In this paper, we tackle\nseveral problems which are related to steering a flood simulation. One issue is related to uncertainty. We need to account for\nuncertain knowledge about the environment, such as levee-breach locations. Furthermore, the steering process has to reveal how\nthese uncertainties in the boundary conditions affect the confidence in the simulation outcome. Another important problem is that the\nsimulation setup is often hidden in a black-box. We expose system internals and show that simulation steering can be comprehensible\nat the same time. This is important because the domain expert needs to be able to modify the simulation setup in order to include local\nknowledge and experience. In the proposed solution, users steer parameter studies through the World Lines interface to account for\ninput uncertainties. The transport of steering information to the underlying data-flow components is handled by a novel meta-flow. The\nmeta-flow is an extension to a standard data-flow network, comprising additional nodes and ropes to abstract parameter control. The\nmeta-flow has a visual representation to inform the user about which control operations happen. Finally, we present the idea to use\nthe data-flow diagram itself for visualizing steering information and simulation results. We discuss a case-study in collaboration with a\ndomain expert who proposes different actions to protect a virtual city from imminent flooding. The key to choosing the best response\nstrategy is the ability to compare different regions of the parameter space while retaining an understanding of what is happening\ninside the data-flow system.",
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        "id": "Groeller_2011_CW",
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        "title": "Contingency Wheel: Visual Analysis of Large Contingency Tables",
        "date": "2011-05-31",
        "abstract": "We present the Contingency Wheel, a visual method for finding and analyzing associations in a large nm contingency\ntable with m < 100 and n being two to three orders of magnitude larger than m. The method is demonstrated on a large\ntable from the Book-Crossing dataset, which counts the number of ratings each book received from each country. It\nenables finding books that received a disproportionately high number of ratings from a specific country. It further allows\nto visually analyze what these books have in common, and with which countries they are also highly associated. Pairs of\nsimilar countries can further be identified (in the sense that many books are associated with both countries). Compared\nwith existing visual methods, our approach enables analyzing and gaining insight into larger tables.",
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    {
        "id": "PH-2011-LDS",
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        "title": "Large Data Scalability in Interactive Visual Analysis",
        "date": "2011-05",
        "abstract": "In many areas of science and industry, the amount of data is growing fast and often already exceeds the ability to evaluate it. On the other hand, the unprecedented amount of available data bears an enormous potential for supporting decision-making. Turning data into comprehensible knowledge is thus a key challenge of the 21st century.\nThe power of the human visual system makes visualization an appropriate method to\ncomprehend large data. In particular interactive visualization enables a discourse between\nthe human brain and the data that can transform a cognitive problem to a perceptual one.\nHowever, the visual analysis of large and complex datasets involves both visual and computational\nchallenges. Visual limits involve perceptual and cognitive limitations of the user and\nrestrictions of the display devices while computational limits are related to the computational\ncomplexity of the involved algorithms.\nThe goal of this thesis is to advance the state of the art in visual analysis with respect to the\nscalability to large datasets. Due to the multifaceted nature of scalability, the contributions\nspan a broad range to enhance computational scalability, to improve the visual scalability of\nselected visualization approaches, and to support an analysis of high-dimensional data.\nConcerning computational scalability, this thesis describes a generic architecture to facilitate\nthe development of highly interactive visual analysis tools using multi-threading. The\narchitecture builds on the separation of the main application thread and dedicated visualization\nthreads, which can be cancelled early due to user interaction. A quantitative evaluation\nshows fast visual feedback during continuous interaction even for millions of entries.\nTwo variants of scatterplots address the visual scalability of different types of data and\ntasks. For continuous data, a combination of 2D and 3D scatterplots intends to combine\nthe advantages of 2D interaction and 3D visualization. Several extensions improve the depth\nperception in 3D and address the problem of unrecognizable point densities in both 2D and\n3D. For partly categorical data, the thesis contributes Hierarchical Difference Scatterplots\nto relate multiple hierarchy levels and to explicitly visualize differences between them in the\ncontext of the absolute position of pivoted values.\nWhile comparisons in Hierarchical Difference Scatterplots are only qualitative, this thesis\nalso contributes an approach for quantifying subsets of the data by means of statistical moments\nfor a potentially large number of dimensions. This approach has proven useful as an\ninitial overview as well as for a quantitative comparison of local features like clusters.\nAs an important application of visual analysis, the validation of regression models also\ninvolves the scalability to multi-dimensional data. This thesis describes a design study of an\napproach called HyperMoVal for this task. The key idea is to visually relate n-dimensional\nscalar functions to known validation data within a combined visualization. The integration\nwith other multivariate views is a step towards a user-centric workflow for model building.\nBeing the result of collaboration with experts in engine design, HyperMoVal demonstrates\nhow visual analysis is suitable to significantly improve real-world tasks. Positive user feedback suggests a high impact of the contributions of this thesis also outside the visualization\nresearch community. Moreover, most contributions of this thesis have been combined in a\ncommercially distributed software framework for engineering applications that will hopefully\nraise the awareness and promote the use of visual analysis in multiple application domains.",
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        "date_end": "2011-05",
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        "title": "Visual Steering to Support Decision Making in Visdom",
        "date": "2011-05",
        "abstract": "Computer simulation has become an ubiquitous tool to investigate\nthe nature of systems. When steering a simulation, users modify parameters\nto study their impact on the simulation outcome. The ability to test\nalternative options provides the basis for interactive decision making. Increasingly\ncomplex simulations are characterized by an intricate interplay\nof many heterogeneous input and output parameters. A steering concept\nthat combines simulation and visualization within a single, comprehensive\nsystem is largely missing. This thesis targets the basic components\nof a novel integrated steering system called Visdom to support the user\nin the decision making process. The proposed techniques enable users\nto examine alternative scenarios without the need for special simulation\nexpertise. To accomplish this, we propose World Lines as a management\nstrategy for multiple, related simulation runs. In a dedicated view, users\ncreate and navigate through many simulation runs. New decisions are\nincluded through the concept of branching. To account for uncertain\nknowledge about the input parameters, we provide the ability to cover\nfull parameter distributions. Via multiple cursors, users navigate a system\nof multiple linked views through time and alternative scenarios. In this\nway, the system supports comparative visual analysis of many simulation\nruns. Since the steering process generates a huge amount of information,\nwe employ the machine to support the user in the search for explanations\ninside the computed data. Visdom is built on top of a data-flow network\nto provide a high level of modularity. A decoupled meta-flow is in charge\nof transmitting parameter changes from World Lines to the affected dataflow\nnodes. To direct the user attention to the most relevant parts, we\nprovide dynamic visualization inside the flow diagram. The usefulness of\nthe presented approach is substantiated through case studies in the field\nof flood management. The Visdom application enables the design of a\nbreach closure by dropping sandbags in a virtual environment.",
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        "rigorosum": "2011-06-15",
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            "Comparative Visual Analysis",
            "Multiple Simulation Runs",
            "Problem Solving Environment",
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            "Uncertainty",
            "Flood Management"
        ],
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    {
        "id": "karnik-09-shapegrammar",
        "type_id": "journalpaper_notalk",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "A Shape Grammar for Developing Glyph-based Visualizations",
        "date": "2009",
        "abstract": "In this paper we address the question of how to quickly model glyph-based GIS visualizations. Our solution is based on using shape grammars to set up the different aspects of a visualization, including the geometric content of the visualization, methods for resolving layout conflicts and interaction methods. Our approach significantly\nincreases modeling efficiency over similarly flexible systems currently in use.",
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        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": {
            "description": "Example for a city modelled with our shape grammar.",
            "filetitle": "image",
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            "access": "public",
            "image_width": 1022,
            "image_height": 746,
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        "authors": [
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        "issn": "0167-7055",
        "journal": "Computer Graphics Forum",
        "number": "8",
        "pages_from": "2176",
        "pages_to": "2188",
        "volume": "28",
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            "Modeling"
        ],
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    {
        "id": "Thomas-2018",
        "type_id": "runmasterthesis",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "PolicyMap: A Dynamic Map for Line-Up Policy in Amusement Parks",
        "date": null,
        "abstract": "The more time is spent in queues lining up for attractions in amusement parks, the less\nfunny the experience and the whole day in the park becomes. This project aims to\ninvestigate different factors that influence the waiting time and develop a tool that helps\nusers to efficiently plan their stay in an amusement park. The tool will consist of three\ndifferent parts. A dynamic map shall help users to get an overview of the current waiting\ntimes and the location of respective attractions in the park. A routing algorithm shall be\ndeveloped to suggest an appropriate route through the park while considering the local\noptimum for each visitor and the global optimum for the whole park. Finally, a 3D navigation\nshall be implemented to help users to find their way to the desired attraction easier than by\nusing conventional paper maps.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
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        "authors": [
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        "date_start": "2018-05-24",
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        "research_areas": [
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        ],
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