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        "title": "R-Score: A Novel Approach to Compare Monte Carlo Renderings",
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        "abstract": "In this paper, we propose a new approach for the comparison and analysis of Monte Carlo (MC) rendering algorithms. It is based on a novel similarity measure called render score (RS) that is specically designed for MC rendering, statistically motivated, and incorporates bias and variance. Additionally, we propose a comparison scheme that alleviates the need for practically converged reference images (RIs). Our approach can be used to compare and analyze dierent rendering methods by revealing detailed (per-pixel) dierences and subsequently potential conceptual or implementation-related issues, thereby offering a more informative and meaningful alternative to commonly used metrics.",
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        "abstract": "Physically based rendering is a discipline in computer graphics which aims at reproducing certain light and material appearances that occur in the real world.\nComplex scenes can be diﬃcult to compute for rendering algorithms.\nThe goal of this thesis is to create a comprehensive test database of scenes that treat diﬀerent light setups in conjunction with diverse materials.\nA lot of research is focused on the development of new algorithms that can deal with diﬃcult light conditions and materials eﬃciently.\nThis database should deliver a comprehensive foundation for evaluating existing and newly developed rendering techniques.\nA ﬁnal evaluation will compare diﬀerent results of diﬀerent rendering algorithms for all scenes. ",
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        "abstract": "This work aims at improving methods for measuring the error of unbiased, physically\nbased light-transport algorithms. State-of-the-art papers show algorithmic improvements\nvia error measures like Mean Square Error (MSE) or visual comparison of equal-time\nrenderings. These methods are unreliable since outliers can cause MSE variance and\nvisual comparison is inherently subjective.\nWe introduce a simple proxy algorithm: pure algorithms produce one image corresponding\nto the computation budget N. The proxy, on the other hand, averages N independent\nimages with a computation budget of 1. The proxy algorithm fulfils the preconditions\nfor the Central Limit Theorem (CLT), and hence, we know that its convergence rate is\n(1/N). Since this same convergence rate applies for all methods executed using the\nproxy algorithm, comparisons using variance- or standard-deviation-per-pixel images are\npossible. These per-pixel error images can be routinely computed and allow comparing\nthe render quality of different lighting effects. Additionally, the average of pixel variances\nis more robust against outliers compared to the traditional MSE or comparable metrics\ncomputed for the pure algorithm.\nWe further propose the Error Spectrum Ensemble (ESE) as a new tool for evaluating lighttransport\nalgorithms. It summarizes expected error and outliers over spatial frequencies.\nESE is generated using the data from the proxy algorithm: N error images are computed\nusing a reference, transformed into Fourier power spectra and compressed using radial\naverages. The descriptor is a summary of those radial averages.\nIn the results, we show that standard-deviation images, short equal-time renderings, ESE\nand expected MSE are valuable tools for assessing light-transport algorithms.",
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