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The context-preserving volume rendering\nmodel uses a function of shading intensity, gradient magnitude,\ndistance to the eye point, and previously accumulated opacity to\nselectively reduce the opacity in less important data regions. It is\ncontrolled by two user-specified parameters. This new method\nrepresents an alternative to conventional clipping techniques,\nshares their easy and intuitive user control, but does not suffer\nfrom the drawback of missing context information.", "authors_et_al": false, "substitute": null, "main_image": { "description": null, "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 2013, "image_height": 1686, "name": "bruckner-2006-ICE-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 313519, "path": "Publication:bruckner-2006-ICE", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/bruckner-2006-ICE-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/bruckner-2006-ICE-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, "sync_repositum_override": null, "repositum_presentation_id": null, "authors": [ 161, 160, 162, 166 ], "issn": "1077-2626", "journal": "IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics", "number": "6", "pages_from": "1559", "pages_to": "1569", "volume": "12", "research_areas": [ "IllVis" ], "keywords": [ "focus+context techniques", "volume rendering", "illustrative visualization" ], "weblinks": [], "files": [ { "description": null, "filetitle": "Hand", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "preview_image_width": 128, "preview_image_height": 128, "name": "bruckner-2006-ICE-Hand.avi", "type": "video/x-msvideo", "size": 4198400, "path": "Publication:bruckner-2006-ICE", "preview_name": "bruckner-2006-ICE-Hand:preview.png", "preview_type": "image/jpeg", "preview_size": 35567, "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/bruckner-2006-ICE-Hand.avi", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/bruckner-2006-ICE-Hand:thumb{{size}}.png", "video_mp4": 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"filetitle": "Tooth", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "preview_image_width": 128, "preview_image_height": 128, "name": "bruckner-2006-ICE-Tooth.avi", "type": "video/x-msvideo", "size": 1542656, "path": "Publication:bruckner-2006-ICE", "preview_name": "bruckner-2006-ICE-Tooth:preview.png", "preview_type": "image/jpeg", "preview_size": 32207, "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/bruckner-2006-ICE-Tooth.avi", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/bruckner-2006-ICE-Tooth:thumb{{size}}.png", "video_mp4": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/bruckner-2006-ICE-Tooth:video.mp4" }, { "description": null, "filetitle": "Visible", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "preview_image_width": 128, "preview_image_height": 128, "name": 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"bruckner-2006-ICE-Wholebody:preview.png", "preview_type": "image/jpeg", "preview_size": 7067, "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/bruckner-2006-ICE-Wholebody.avi", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/bruckner-2006-ICE-Wholebody:thumb{{size}}.png", "video_mp4": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/bruckner-2006-ICE-Wholebody:video.mp4" } ], "projects_workgroups": [ "exvisation" ], "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/", "__class": "Publication" }, { "id": "RAUTEK06", "type_id": "inproceedings", "tu_id": null, "repositum_id": null, "title": "D²VR: High Quality Volume Rendering of Projection-based Volumetric Data", "date": "2006-05", "abstract": "Volume rendering techniques are conventionally classified as either direct or indirect methods. Indirect\r\nmethods require to transform the initial volumetric model into an\r\nintermediate geometrical model in order to efficiently visualize it.\r\nIn contrast, direct volume rendering (DVR) methods can directly\r\nprocess the volumetric data. Modern CT scanners usually provide data as a set of samples on a rectilinear\r\ngrid, which is computed from the measured projections by discrete tomographic reconstruction. Therefore the rectilinear grid can already be considered as an intermediate volume representation. In this paper we introduce direct direct volume rendering (D²VR). D²VR does not require a rectilinear grid, since it is based on an immediate\r\nprocessing of the measured projections. Arbitrary samples for ray\r\ncasting are reconstructed from the projections by using the Filtered\r\nBack-Projection algorithm. Our method removes a lossy resampling step from the classical volume rendering pipeline.\r\nIt provides much higher accuracy than traditional grid-based\r\nresampling techniques do. Furthermore we also present a novel\r\nhigh-quality gradient estimation scheme, which is also based on the\r\nFiltered Back-Projection algorithm.", "authors_et_al": false, "substitute": null, "main_image": { "description": "", "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "image_width": 827, "image_height": 827, "name": "RAUTEK06-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 263457, "path": "Publication:RAUTEK06", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/RAUTEK06/RAUTEK06-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/RAUTEK06/RAUTEK06-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, "sync_repositum_override": null, "repositum_presentation_id": null, "authors": [ 488, 233, 160, 161, 166 ], "booktitle": "Proceedings of Eurographics / IEEE VGTC Symposium on Visualization", "lecturer": [ 488 ], "number": "In Proceedings of EuroVis", "pages_from": "211", "pages_to": "218", "publisher": "IEEE CS", "research_areas": [], "keywords": [ "Volume Rendering", "Filtered Back-Projection", "Reconstruction" ], "weblinks": [], "files": [ { "description": "", "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "image_width": 827, "image_height": 827, "name": "RAUTEK06-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 263457, "path": "Publication:RAUTEK06", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/RAUTEK06/RAUTEK06-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/RAUTEK06/RAUTEK06-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, { "description": "", "filetitle": "paper", "main_file": true, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "name": "RAUTEK06-paper.pdf", "type": "application/pdf", "size": 14489057, "path": "Publication:RAUTEK06", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/RAUTEK06/RAUTEK06-paper.pdf", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/RAUTEK06/RAUTEK06-paper:thumb{{size}}.png" } ], "projects_workgroups": [ "PVG" ], "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/RAUTEK06/", "__class": "Publication" }, { "id": "coto-2005-MAC", "type_id": "inproceedings", "tu_id": null, "repositum_id": null, "title": "MammoExplorer: An Advanced CAD Application for Breast DCE-MRI", "date": "2005-11", "abstract": "Currently X-ray mammography is the most widely used method for early detection of breast cancer. However, the use of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced\r\nMRI (DCE-MRI) has gained wider attention, since it considerably improves tumor detection and classification by analyzing the flow of contrast agent within the breast tissue. In this paper we present MammoExplorer, a CAD application that combines advanced interaction, segmentation and visualization techniques to explore Breast DCE-MRI data. Our application uses Brushing and Linking, Two-level Volume Rendering, Importance-driven Volume Rendering, and False Color Maps. In addition, we present Enhancement\r\nScatterplots, a novel graphical representation of DCE-MRI data, novel segmentation approaches, and a new way to explore time-varying CE-MRI\r\ndata.", "authors_et_al": false, "substitute": null, "main_image": { "description": null, "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 298, "image_height": 253, "name": "coto-2005-MAC-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 34554, "path": "Publication:coto-2005-MAC", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/coto-2005-MAC/coto-2005-MAC-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/coto-2005-MAC/coto-2005-MAC-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, "sync_repositum_override": null, "repositum_presentation_id": null, "authors": [ 486, 160, 161, 166, 162, 487 ], "booktitle": "Proceedings of Vision, Modelling, and Visualization 2005", "date_from": "2005-11-16", "date_to": "2005-11-18", "editor": "G. Greiner, J. Hornegger, H. Niemann, M. Stamminger", "isbn": "3898380688", "lecturer": [ 486 ], "location": "Erlangen, Germany", "pages_from": "91", "pages_to": "98", "research_areas": [], "keywords": [ "CAD", "Breast cancer", "Contrast Enhanced MRI" ], "weblinks": [], "files": [ { "description": null, "filetitle": "Demonstration", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "preview_image_width": 1280, "preview_image_height": 1024, "name": "coto-2005-MAC-Demonstration.avi", "type": "video/x-msvideo", "size": 50733574, "path": "Publication:coto-2005-MAC", "preview_name": "coto-2005-MAC-Demonstration:preview.png", "preview_type": "image/jpeg", "preview_size": 193123, "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/coto-2005-MAC/coto-2005-MAC-Demonstration.avi", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/coto-2005-MAC/coto-2005-MAC-Demonstration:thumb{{size}}.png", "video_mp4": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/coto-2005-MAC/coto-2005-MAC-Demonstration:video.mp4" }, { "description": null, "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 298, "image_height": 253, "name": "coto-2005-MAC-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 34554, "path": "Publication:coto-2005-MAC", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/coto-2005-MAC/coto-2005-MAC-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/coto-2005-MAC/coto-2005-MAC-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, { "description": null, "filetitle": "Paper", "main_file": true, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "name": "coto-2005-MAC-Paper.pdf", "type": "application/pdf", "size": 3649357, "path": "Publication:coto-2005-MAC", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/coto-2005-MAC/coto-2005-MAC-Paper.pdf", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/coto-2005-MAC/coto-2005-MAC-Paper:thumb{{size}}.png" } ], "projects_workgroups": [ "ADAPT" ], "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/coto-2005-MAC/", "__class": "Publication" }, { "id": "bruckner-2005-ICV", "type_id": "inproceedings", "tu_id": null, "repositum_id": null, "title": "Illustrative Context-Preserving Volume Rendering", "date": "2005-05", "abstract": "In volume rendering it is very difficult to simultaneously visualize interior and exterior structures while preserving clear shape cues. Very transparent transfer functions produce cluttered images with many overlapping structures, while clipping techniques completely remove possibly important context information. In this paper we present a new model for volume rendering, inspired by techniques from illustration that provides a means of interactively inspecting the interior of a volumetric data set in a feature-driven way which retains context information. The context-preserving volume rendering model uses a function of shading intensity, gradient magnitude, distance to the eye point, and previously accumulated opacity to selectively reduce the opacity in less important data regions. It is controlled by two user-specified parameters. This new method represents an alternative to conventional clipping techniques, shares their easy and intuitive user control, but does not suffer from the drawback of missing context information. 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Its main advantage, compared to standard 3D surface rendering, is the ability to perform semitransparent rendering in order to provide more information about spatial relationships of different structures. Semitransparent rendering requires to process a huge amount of data. The size of volumetric data is rapidly increasing, on the one hand due to the boost of processing power in the past years, and on the other hand due to improved capabilities of newer acquisition devices. This large data presents a challenge to current rendering architectures and techniques. The enormous data sizes introduce a growing demand for interactive 3D visualization. Conventional slicing methods already reach their limit of usability due to the enormous amount of slices. 3D visualization is more and more explored as an attractive alternative additional method for examinations of large medical data to support the necessary 2D examination. Within this dissertation a set of approaches to handle and render large volumetric data is developed, enabling significant performance improvements due to a much better utilization of the CPUs processing power and available memory bandwidth. At first, highly efficient approaches for addressing and processing of a cache efficient memory layout for volumetric data are presented. These approaches serve as a base for a full-blown high-quality raycasting system, capable of handling large data up to 3GB, a limitation imposed by the virtual address space of current consumer operating systems. The core acceleration techniques of this system are a refined caching scheme for gradient estimation in conjunction with a hybrid skipping and removal of transparent regions to reduce the amount of data to be processed. This system is extended so that efficient processing of multiple large data sets is possible. An acceleration technique for direct volume rendering of scenes, composed of multiple volumetric objects, is developed; it is based on the distinction between regions of intersection, which need costly multi-volume processing, and regions containing only one volumetric object, which can be efficiently processed. Furthermore, V-Objects, a concept of modeling scenes consisting of multiple volumetric objects, are presented. It is demonstrated that the concept of V-Objects in combination with direct volume rendering, is a promising technique for visualizing medical data and can provide advanced means to explore and investigate data. In the second part of the dissertation, an alternative to grid-based volume graphics is presented: Vots, a point-based representation of volumetric data. It is a novel primitive for volumetric data modeling, processing, and rendering. A new paradigm is presented by moving the data representation from a discrete representation to an implicit one.", "authors_et_al": false, "substitute": null, "main_image": { "description": "", "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 1063, "image_height": 1322, "name": "Grimm-thesis-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 210021, "path": "Publication:Grimm-thesis", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/Grimm-thesis/Grimm-thesis-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/Grimm-thesis/Grimm-thesis-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, "sync_repositum_override": null, "repositum_presentation_id": null, "authors": [ 160 ], "date_end": "2005-04", "date_start": "2002-10", "supervisor": [ 166 ], "research_areas": [], "keywords": [], "weblinks": [], "files": [ { "description": "", "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 1063, "image_height": 1322, "name": "Grimm-thesis-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 210021, "path": "Publication:Grimm-thesis", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/Grimm-thesis/Grimm-thesis-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/Grimm-thesis/Grimm-thesis-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, { "description": "", "filetitle": "pdf", "main_file": true, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "name": "Grimm-thesis-pdf.pdf", "type": "application/pdf", "size": 100359708, "path": "Publication:Grimm-thesis", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/Grimm-thesis/Grimm-thesis-pdf.pdf", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/Grimm-thesis/Grimm-thesis-pdf:thumb{{size}}.png" } ], "projects_workgroups": [], "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/Grimm-thesis/", "__class": "Publication" }, { "id": "grimm-2004-arefined", "type_id": "journalpaper_notalk", "tu_id": null, "repositum_id": null, "title": "A Refined Data Addressing and Processing Scheme to Accelerate Volume Raycasting", "date": "2004-10", "abstract": "Most volume rendering systems based on CPU volume raycasting still suffer from inefficient CPU utilization and high memory usage. To target these issues we present a new technique for efficient data addressing. Furthermore, we introduce a new processing scheme for volume raycasting which exploits thread-level parallelism—a technology now supported by commodity computer architectures.", "authors_et_al": false, "substitute": null, "main_image": { "description": null, "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 300, "image_height": 274, "name": "grimm-2004-arefined-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 24183, "path": "Publication:grimm-2004-arefined", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-arefined/grimm-2004-arefined-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-arefined/grimm-2004-arefined-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, "sync_repositum_override": null, "repositum_presentation_id": null, "authors": [ 160, 161, 162, 166 ], "booktitle": "Computer & Graphics, Vol. 28 (5)", "isbn": "0097-8493", "issn": "0097-8493", "journal": "Computers & Graphics", "number": "5", "pages_from": "719", "pages_to": "729", "volume": "28", "research_areas": [], "keywords": [ "Volume Raycasting, Bricking, Parallel Co" ], "weblinks": [], "files": [ { "description": null, "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 300, "image_height": 274, "name": "grimm-2004-arefined-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 24183, "path": "Publication:grimm-2004-arefined", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-arefined/grimm-2004-arefined-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-arefined/grimm-2004-arefined-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, { "description": null, "filetitle": "Paper", "main_file": true, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "name": "grimm-2004-arefined-Paper.pdf", "type": "application/pdf", "size": 292031, "path": "Publication:grimm-2004-arefined", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-arefined/grimm-2004-arefined-Paper.pdf", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-arefined/grimm-2004-arefined-Paper:thumb{{size}}.png" } ], "projects_workgroups": [ "ADAPT" ], "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-arefined/", "__class": "Publication" }, { "id": "GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P", "type_id": "inproceedings", "tu_id": null, "repositum_id": null, "title": "Flexible Direct Multi-Volume Rendering in Interactive Scenes", "date": "2004-10", "abstract": "In this paper we describe methods to efficiently visualize multiple ntersecting volumetric objects. We introduce the concept of V-Objects. V-Objects represent abstract properties of an object connected to a volumetric data source. We present a method to perform direct volume rendering of a scene comprised of an arbitrary number of possibly intersecting V-Objects. The idea of our approach is to distinguish between regions of intersection, which need costly multi-volume processing, and regions containing only one V-Object, which can be processed using a highly efficient brick-wise volume traversal scheme. Using this method, we achieve significant performance gains for multi-volume rendering. We show possible medical applications, such as surgical planning, diagnosis, and education.", "authors_et_al": false, "substitute": null, "main_image": { "description": null, "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 512, "image_height": 512, "name": "GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 30770, "path": "Publication:GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, "sync_repositum_override": null, "repositum_presentation_id": null, "authors": [ 160, 161, 162, 166 ], "booktitle": "Vision, Modeling, and Visualization (VMV)", "location": "Stanford, USA", "pages_from": "386", "pages_to": "379", "research_areas": [], "keywords": [ "multi volume rendering", "medical visualization", "volume raycasting" ], "weblinks": [], "files": [ { "description": null, "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 512, "image_height": 512, "name": "GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 30770, "path": "Publication:GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, { "description": null, "filetitle": "Paper", "main_file": true, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "name": "GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P-Paper.pdf", "type": "application/pdf", "size": 1785611, "path": "Publication:GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P-Paper.pdf", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P-Paper:thumb{{size}}.png" } ], "projects_workgroups": [ "ADAPT" ], "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P/", "__class": "Publication" }, { "id": "grimm-2004-memory", "type_id": "inproceedings", "tu_id": null, "repositum_id": null, "title": "Memory Efficient Acceleration Structures and Techniques for CPU-based Volume Raycasting of Large Data", "date": "2004-10", "abstract": "Most CPU-based volume raycasting approaches achieve high performance by advanced memory layouts, space subdivision, and excessive pre-computing. Such approaches typically need an enormous amount of memory. They are limited to sizes which do not satisfy the medical data used in daily clinical routine. We present a new volume raycasting approach based on image-ordered raycasting with object-ordered processing, which is able to perform high-quality rendering of very large medical data in real-time on commodity computers. For large medical data such as computed tomographic (CT) angiography run-offs (512x512x1202) we achieve rendering times up to 2.5 fps on a commodity notebook. We achieve this by introducing a memory efficient acceleration technique for on-the-fly gradient estimation and a memory efficient hybrid removal and skipping technique of transparent regions. We employ quantized binary histograms, granular resolution octrees, and a cell invisibility cache. These acceleration structures require just a small extra storage of approximately 10%. ", "authors_et_al": false, "substitute": null, "main_image": { "description": null, "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 512, "image_height": 512, "name": "grimm-2004-memory-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 54582, "path": "Publication:grimm-2004-memory", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-memory/grimm-2004-memory-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-memory/grimm-2004-memory-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, "sync_repositum_override": null, "repositum_presentation_id": null, "authors": [ 160, 161, 162, 166 ], "booktitle": "Proceedings IEEE/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Volume Visualization and Graphics", "editor": "D. Silver, T. Ertl, C. Silva", "isbn": "0-7803-8781-3", "pages_from": "1", "pages_to": "8", "research_areas": [], "keywords": [ "Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism," ], "weblinks": [], "files": [ { "description": null, "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 512, "image_height": 512, "name": "grimm-2004-memory-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 54582, "path": "Publication:grimm-2004-memory", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-memory/grimm-2004-memory-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-memory/grimm-2004-memory-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, { "description": null, "filetitle": "Paper", "main_file": true, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "name": "grimm-2004-memory-Paper.pdf", "type": "application/pdf", "size": 582605, "path": "Publication:grimm-2004-memory", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-memory/grimm-2004-memory-Paper.pdf", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-memory/grimm-2004-memory-Paper:thumb{{size}}.png" } ], "projects_workgroups": [ "ADAPT" ], "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-memory/", "__class": "Publication" }, { "id": "grimm-2004-volume", "type_id": "journalpaper", "tu_id": null, "repositum_id": null, "title": "VOTS: VOlume doTS as a Point-Based Representation of Volumetric Data", "date": "2004-09", "abstract": "We present Volume dots (Vots), a new primitive for volumetric data modelling, processing, and rendering. Vots\r\nare a point-based representation of volumetric data. An individual Vot is specified by the coefficients of a Taylor\r\nseries expansion, i.e. the function value and higher order derivatives at a specific point. A Vot does not only\r\nrepresent a single sample point, it represents the underlying function within a region. With the Vots representation\r\nwe have a more intuitive and high-level description of the volume data. This allows direct analytical examination\r\nand manipulation of volumetric datasets. Vots enable the representation of the underlying scalar function with\r\nspecified precision. User-centric importance sampling is also possible, i.e., unimportant volume parts are still\r\npresent but represented with just very few Vots. As proof of concept, we show Maximum Intensity Projection based\r\non Vots.", "authors_et_al": false, "substitute": null, "main_image": { "description": null, "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 512, "image_height": 512, "name": "grimm-2004-volume-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 23114, "path": "Publication:grimm-2004-volume", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-volume/grimm-2004-volume-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-volume/grimm-2004-volume-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, "sync_repositum_override": null, "repositum_presentation_id": null, "authors": [ 160, 161, 162, 166 ], "issn": "0167-7055", "journal": "Computer Graphics Forum", "number": "3", "pages_from": "668", "pages_to": "661", "volume": "23", "research_areas": [], "keywords": [ "Graphics Data Structures and Data Types" ], "weblinks": [], "files": [ { "description": null, "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 512, "image_height": 512, "name": "grimm-2004-volume-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 23114, "path": "Publication:grimm-2004-volume", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-volume/grimm-2004-volume-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-volume/grimm-2004-volume-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, { "description": null, "filetitle": "Paper", "main_file": true, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "name": "grimm-2004-volume-Paper.pdf", "type": "application/pdf", "size": 2257047, "path": "Publication:grimm-2004-volume", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-volume/grimm-2004-volume-Paper.pdf", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-volume/grimm-2004-volume-Paper:thumb{{size}}.png" } ], "projects_workgroups": [ "ADAPT" ], "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-volume/", "__class": "Publication" }, { "id": "GRIMM-2004-PPC", "type_id": "techreport", "tu_id": null, "repositum_id": null, "title": "Parallel Peeling of Curvilinear Grids", "date": "2004-04", "abstract": "In this paper we present a novel hybrid CPU-GPU approach for rendering\r\ncurvilinear grids. Visibility sorting is accomplished by parallel\r\npeeling cells off the grid, utilizing an active cell peeling front. In\r\neach step, we compute the ray-cell intersection coordinates on the\r\nGPU, perform accurate volume integration (CPU), and determine\r\nthe set of active cells for the next iteration (GPU). The approach\r\nrequires only standard graphics capabilities and can therefore be\r\nused on any commodity PC, including laptops. Furthermore, the\r\nmain memory requirements are negligible since the required data\r\nstructures are minimal.\r\nThe main advantage of our algorithm is that we exploit hardware\r\nacceleration for the expensive visibility sorting which is bene-\r\nficial over time due to the faster performance increase of GPUs over\r\nCPUs. Due to the simplicity of the algorithm and its low requirements\r\non preprocessing and main memory, it is well suited for thin\r\nclients. Last but not least, the approach could easily be extended to\r\nirregular grids using tetrahedra.", "authors_et_al": false, "substitute": null, "main_image": { "description": "", "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 512, "image_height": 512, "name": "GRIMM-2004-PPC-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 14796, "path": "Publication:GRIMM-2004-PPC", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-PPC/GRIMM-2004-PPC-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-PPC/GRIMM-2004-PPC-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, "sync_repositum_override": null, "repositum_presentation_id": null, "authors": [ 160, 345, 162, 166 ], "number": "TR-186-2-04-07", "pages_from": "1", "pages_to": "8", "research_areas": [], "keywords": [ "Raycasting", "Volume Rendering", "Visibility Sorting", "Curvilinear grids", "Depth Sorting" ], "weblinks": [], "files": [ { "description": "", "filetitle": "image", "main_file": false, "use_in_gallery": true, "access": "public", "image_width": 512, "image_height": 512, "name": "GRIMM-2004-PPC-image.jpg", "type": "image/jpeg", "size": 14796, "path": "Publication:GRIMM-2004-PPC", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-PPC/GRIMM-2004-PPC-image.jpg", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-PPC/GRIMM-2004-PPC-image:thumb{{size}}.png" }, { "description": "", "filetitle": "Paper", "main_file": true, "use_in_gallery": false, "access": "public", "name": "GRIMM-2004-PPC-Paper.pdf", "type": "application/pdf", "size": 3432004, "path": "Publication:GRIMM-2004-PPC", "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-PPC/GRIMM-2004-PPC-Paper.pdf", "thumb_image_sizes": [ 16, 64, 100, 175, 300, 600 ], "thumb_url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-PPC/GRIMM-2004-PPC-Paper:thumb{{size}}.png" } ], "projects_workgroups": [ "ADAPT" ], "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-PPC/", "__class": "Publication" } ]