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    {
        "id": "ZOTTI-2016-VAA",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": 283908,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Virtual Archaeoastronomy: Stellarium for Research and Outreach",
        "date": "2019-03",
        "abstract": "In the last few years, the open-source desktop planetarium program Stellarium has become ever more popular for research and dissemination of results in Cultural Astronomy.\n\nIn this time we have added significant capabilities for applications in cultural astronomy to the program. The latest addition allows its use in a multi-screen installation running both completely automated and manually controlled setups. During the development time, also the accuracy of astronomical simulation has been greatly improved.",
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        "booktitle": "Archaeoastronomy in the Roman World (Proceedings 16th Conference of the Italian Society for Archaeoastronomy)",
        "date_from": "2016-11-03",
        "date_to": "2016-11-04",
        "event": "SIA 2016 (16th Conference of the Italian Society for Archaeoastronomy)",
        "isbn": "978-3-319-97006-6",
        "lecturer": [
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        ],
        "location": "Milano, Italy",
        "pages_from": "187",
        "pages_to": "205",
        "publisher": "Springer",
        "research_areas": [
            "Rendering"
        ],
        "keywords": [
            "stellarium"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2019/ZOTTI-2016-VAA/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "ZOTTI-2017-BM",
        "type_id": "journalpaper",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Beyond 3D Models: Simulation of Temporally Evolving Models in Stellarium",
        "date": "2017-09",
        "abstract": "In recent years, the interactive visual exploration and demonstration of three-dimensional virtual models of buildings or natural structures of archaeoastronomical interest under a simulated sky has become available for users of the open-source desktop planetarium program Stellarium [Zotti, 2015, 2016]. Users can load an architectural model in the well-known OBJ format and walk around to explore sight lines or light-and-shadow interaction in present and past times [Frischer et al., 2016].\n\nHowever, until now, the model itself did not change in time, and loading models for various building phases (e.g., the assumed order of building the various standing stones, timber circles and stone circles of Stonehenge) always required a break in simulation and user interaction to load a model for the next phase. On the other hand, displaying a model under the sky of the wrong time may lead to inappropriate conclusions. Large-area models required considerable time to load, and loading caused a reset of location, so the user interested in changes in a certain viewing axis had to recreate that view again. Given that Stellarium is an “astronomical time machine”, nowadays capable of replaying sky vistas thousands of years ago with increasing accuracy [Zotti et al., submitted] and also for models with several million triangular faces, it seemed worth to explore possibilities to also show changes over time in the simulated buildings.\nThe Scenery3D plugin of Stellarium is, however, not a complete game engine, and replicating the infrastructure found in such game engines like Unity3D – for example to interactively move game objects, or load small sub-components like standing stones and place them at arbitrary coordinates – seemed overkill. The solution introduced here is remarkably simple and should be easily adoptable for the casual model-making researcher: the MTL material description for the model, a simple plain-text file that describes colour, reflection behaviour, photo-texture or transparency of the various parts of the object, can be extended for our rendering system. Newly introduced values describe dates where parts of the model can appear and disappear (with transitional transparency to allow for archaeological dating uncertainties). The model parts with these enhanced, time-aware materials appear to fade in during the indicated time, will be fully visible in their “active” time, and will fade out again when Stellarium is set to simulate the sky when the real-world structures most likely have vanished. The only requirement for the model creator is now to separate objects so that they receive unique materials that can then be identified and augmented with these entries in the MTL text file.\n\nThe advantages of this new feature should be clear: an observer can remain in a certain location in the virtual model and let the land- and skyscape change over decades or centuries, without the need to load new models. This allows the simulation of construction and reconstruction phases while still always keeping particularly interesting viewpoints unchanged, and will always show the matching sky for the most appropriate reconstruction phase of the model. ",
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        "authors": [
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        "booktitle": "25th SEAC Conference",
        "date_from": "2017-09-18",
        "date_to": "2017-09-22",
        "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.1477972",
        "event": "INSAP X – Oxford XI – SEAC 25th Joint Conference ‘ROAD TO THE STARS’",
        "issn": "1108-9628",
        "journal": "Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry",
        "lecturer": [
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        ],
        "location": "Santiago de Compostela, Spain",
        "number": "4",
        "open_access": "yes",
        "pages_from": "501",
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        "volume": "18",
        "research_areas": [
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    {
        "id": "ZOTTI-2017-TSP",
        "type_id": "journalpaper",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "The Skyscape Planetarium",
        "date": "2017",
        "abstract": "Communicating scientific topics in state of the art exhibitions frequently involves the creation of impressive visual installations. In the exhibition “STONEHENGE. –A Hidden Landscape.” in the MAMUZ museum for prehistory in Mistelbach, Lower Austria, LBI ArchPro presents recent research results from the Stonehenge Hidden Landscape Project. A central element of the exhibition which extends over two floors connected with open staircases is an assembly of original-sized replica of several stones of the central trilithon horseshoe which is seen from both floors. In the upper floor, visitors are at eye level with the lintels, and on a huge curved projection screen which extends along the long wall of the hall they can experience the view out over the Sarsen circle into the surrounding landscape. This paper describes the planning and creation of this part of the exhibition, and some first impressions after opening.",
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            "size": 3514929,
            "path": "Publication:ZOTTI-2017-TSP",
            "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2017/ZOTTI-2017-TSP/ZOTTI-2017-TSP-image.jpg",
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        "authors": [
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        "booktitle": "24th SEAC Conference",
        "date_from": "2016-09-12",
        "date_to": "2016-09-16",
        "event": "24th SEAC Conference",
        "issn": "1368-6534",
        "journal": "Culture and Cosmos",
        "lecturer": [
            222
        ],
        "location": "Bath, UK",
        "number": "1",
        "open_access": "no",
        "pages_from": "269",
        "pages_to": "281",
        "volume": "21",
        "research_areas": [
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        ],
        "keywords": [
            "stellarium"
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        "weblinks": [
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    {
        "id": "zotti-2007-hdr",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Measuring Light Pollution with a Calibrated High Dynamic Range All-Sky Image Acquisition System",
        "date": "2007-10",
        "abstract": "Combining series of exposures with different exposure times made with a digital SLR camera and a ﬁsh-eye lens allow to create high-resolution images that contain the full dynamic\nrange of daylight, including the Sun, usable as scene background and for skylight illumination computation purposes. These High Dynamic Range (HDR) images can also be calibrated with a luminance meter, so the image\ndata contain meaningful values, and the system becomes a measuring device. At night, long-time exposures can be combined, and the setup, once ﬁne-calibrated with a Sky Quality\nMeter or another low-level light measuring device, becomes a valuable tool to provide absolute values of sky brightness. Using data from\nthe astronomical literature, false-colour plots of sky luminance can be created that closely match visual estimation of visible stellar magnitudes.",
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        "authors": [
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        "address": "Bled",
        "booktitle": "DARKSKY2007 - 7th European Symposium for the Protection of the Night Sky",
        "date_from": "2007-10-05",
        "date_to": "2007-10-06",
        "editor": "Andrej Mohar",
        "lecturer": [
            222
        ],
        "location": "Bled",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "HDR imaging",
            "Light Pollution",
            "Skylight"
        ],
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    {
        "id": "zotti-2007-eg",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Tangible Heritage: Production of Astrolabes on a Laser Engraver",
        "date": "2007-09",
        "abstract": "The astrolabe, an analog computing device, used to be the iconic\n  instrument of astronomers during the Middle Ages. It allowed a\n  multitude of operations of practical astronomy which were otherwise\n  cumbersome to perform in an epoch when mathematics had apparently\n  almost been forgotten. Usually made from wood or sheet metal, a\n  few hundred instruments, mostly from brass, survived until today and\n  are valuable \n  museum showpieces. This paper explains a procedural modelling\n  approach for the construction of the classical kinds of astrolabes,\n  which allows a wide variety of applications from plain explanatory\n  illustrations to 3D models, and even the production of working\n  physical astrolabes usable for public or classroom demonstrations.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
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            "image_width": 560,
            "image_height": 624,
            "name": "zotti-2007-eg-.png",
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        "authors": [
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        ],
        "booktitle": "EG2007 Cultural Heritage Papers",
        "date_from": "2007-09-03",
        "date_to": "2007-09-07",
        "editor": "David B. Arnold and Andrej Ferko",
        "issn": "1017-4656",
        "lecturer": [
            222
        ],
        "location": "Prague",
        "organization": "Eurographics",
        "pages_from": "41",
        "pages_to": "48 (colorplate:p60)",
        "publisher": "Eurographics",
        "research_areas": [
            "Modeling"
        ],
        "keywords": [
            "Cultural Heritage",
            "Astronomy",
            "Astrolabe",
            "Procedural Modelling"
        ],
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    {
        "id": "zotti-2007-wscg",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "A Critical Review of the Preetham Skylight Model",
        "date": "2007-01",
        "abstract": "The Preetham skylight model is currently one of the most widely used\n  analytic models of skylight luminance in computer graphics.\n  Despite its widespread use, very little work has been carried out to verify the results generated by the model, both in terms of the luminance patterns it generates, and in terms of numerical reliability and stability.\n\nWe have implemented the model in Mathematica, visualise and discuss those parameter ranges which exhibit problematic behaviour, and compare the computed luminance values with references from literature, especially the 15 standard skylight distributions of the CIE 2003 Standard General Sky.\n\nWe also performed luminance measurements on real cloudless skies, and compare these measurements to the predictions of the model.",
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            192,
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        ],
        "booktitle": "WSCG ",
        "date_from": "2007-01-29",
        "date_to": "2007-02-01",
        "editor": "Vaclav Skala",
        "isbn": "978-80-86943-02-2",
        "lecturer": [
            222
        ],
        "location": "Plzen",
        "pages_from": "23",
        "pages_to": "30",
        "publisher": "University of West Bohemia",
        "research_areas": [
            "Rendering"
        ],
        "keywords": [
            "Verification",
            "Skylight"
        ],
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        ],
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    {
        "id": "zotti-2007-PhD",
        "type_id": "phdthesis",
        "tu_id": null,
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        "title": "Computer Graphics in Historical and Modern Sky Observations",
        "date": "2007",
        "abstract": "This work describes work done in three areas of research where sky observations meet\ncomputer graphics. The whole topic covers several millennia of human history\nand posed combined challenges from fields including archaeology, astronomy,\ncultural heritage, digital image processing and computer graphics.\n\nThe first part presents interdisciplinary work done in the fields of\narchaeo-astronomy, visualisation and virtual reconstruction. A novel diagram\nhas been developed which provides an intuitive, easy visualisation to\ninvestigate archaeological survey maps for evidence of astronomically\nmotivated orientation of buildings. This visualisation was developed and first\napplied to a certain class of neolithic circular structures in Lower Austria\nin order to investigate the idea of solar orientation of access doorways.\nThis diagram and its intuitive interpretation allowed the author to set up a new\nhypothesis about practical astronomical activities in the middle neolithic\nperiod in central Europe.\n\nHow virtual reconstructions of these buildings characteristic for a short time\nduring the neolithic epoch can be combined with the excellent sky simulation\nof a modern planetarium to communicate these results to a broader audience is\ndescribed thereafter.\n\nThe second part of this work describes a certain class of historical scientific\ninstruments for sky observations and its reconstruction with methods of\ncomputer graphics.\nLong after the stone age, in the Middle Ages, the astrolabe was the most celebrated\ninstrument for celestial observations and has been explained in contemporary\nliterature, usually with the help of precomputed tables for a certain size or\nkind of instrument. Today, historical exhibitions frequently present one of\nthese instruments, but its various applications are hard to explain to the\ngeneral audience without hands-on demonstration.\nFor this challenge from the cultural heritage domain,\nan approach using the idea of procedural modelling is presented. Here, a\ncomputer graphics model is not statically drawn but specified by parametrised\nplotting functions, which can then be repeatedly executed with different\nparameters to create the final model. This approach is demonstrated to provide\na very flexible solution which can immediately be applied to specific needs\njust by tweaking a few parameters, instead of having to repetitively draw the whole model manually.\nFrom the two-dimensional procedural model, 3D models can be easily created,\nand even the production of wooden instruments on a Laser engraver/plotter is\ndemonstrated.\n\nThe third and longest part deals with methods of sky simulation and rendering\nin the domain of computer graphics.  In this discipline, modelling of skylight\nand atmospheric effects has developed tremendously over the last two decades,\nwhich is covered by an extensive survey of literature from the computer\ngraphics and also atmosphere physics domains.\n\nThe requirements of physically correct or at least plausible rendering include\nrealistic values for sky brightness.  Measurements performed with a luminance\nmeter on a clear sky in order to verify the currently most widely used\nanalytic skylight model [Preetham 1999] shows however its limited\napplicability.\n\nThere are two classical groups of clear-sky models: numerical simulations of\nscattering in the atmosphere, and fast analytical models.  Recently, another\nmethod for more realistic looking skylight models has been developed: digital\nimages taken with a fisheye lens are combined into high dynamic range images\nwhich can be used for scene illumination and as sky background. These\nimages can be calibrated by photometric measurements of absolute luminance\nvalues. Long-time exposures allow to apply this system to quantitative\ninvestigations of sky brightness, sky colours, and also nocturnal light pollution by artificial\nillumination. Results and other applications of the system are described, and\nthe pipeline for creating such images is described in the appendix.\n\nThis work closes with some notes of future directions of research.",
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        "date_end": "2007-11",
        "date_start": "2005-01",
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        "research_areas": [
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        "keywords": [
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            "Skydome Visualisation",
            "Cultural Heritage",
            "Sky Measurements"
        ],
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    {
        "id": "neumann-2006-gamma",
        "type_id": "journalpaper_notalk",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Accurate Display Gamma Functions based on Human Observation",
        "date": "2007",
        "abstract": "This paper describes an accurate method to obtain the\nTone Reproduction Curve (TRC) of display devices without using\na measurement device. It is an improvement of an existing technique\nbased on human observation, solving its problem of numerical instability\nand resulting in functions in log--log scale which correspond better\nto the nature of display devices.\nWe demonstrate the effiency of our technique on different monitor\ntechnologies, comparing it with direct measurements using a\nspectrophotometer.",
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        "authors": [
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        "issn": "0361-2317",
        "journal": "Color Research & Applications",
        "note": "2006 angenommen, 2007 erschienen",
        "number": "4",
        "pages_from": "310",
        "pages_to": "319",
        "volume": "32",
        "research_areas": [
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        ],
        "keywords": [
            "Generalized Gamma Function",
            "Colour Reproduction",
            "Display Measurement",
            "Human Visual System",
            "Spatial Vision"
        ],
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    {
        "id": "beck-2007-melk",
        "type_id": "talk",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Licht aus der Finsternis",
        "date": "2007",
        "abstract": "Vor 550 Jahren, am 3.9.1457, beobachteten Georg von Peuerbach und Johannes Regiomontanus in Melk eine totale Mondfinsternis. 300 Jahre später lud Georg Mathias Bose zu einem Jubiläumssymposium nach Wittenberg, da in seinen Augen durch diese Beobachtung die Astronomie wiedererweckt worden war. Was war an dieser - gar nicht besonders langen - Mondfinsternis so besonders?\r\n\r\nDer Vortrag gibt Einblick in die Schätze der Bibliothek Melk, Verbindungen zwischen Melk und der Wiener Universität, und Methoden und Instrumente der mittelalterlichen Astronomie (mit Demonstrationen an  Instrument-Nachbauten).",
        "authors_et_al": false,
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        "authors": [
            682,
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        ],
        "date_from": "2007-09-23",
        "event": "Vortragsabend",
        "location": "Stift Melk",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [],
        "weblinks": [],
        "files": [],
        "projects_workgroups": [
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        ],
        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2007/beck-2007-melk/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "zotti-2006-pla",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Using Virtual Reconstructions in a Planetarium for Demonstrations in Archaeo-Astronomy",
        "date": "2006-11",
        "abstract": "In the last decades, archaeologists in central Europe have found\n  traces of enigmatic neolithic circular building structures buried in\n  the soil. Recent studies indicate that the orientation of many of their\n  doorways may have been chosen with an astronomical background in mind.\n\n  This paper explains the use of virtual reconstructions of these\n  buildings from archaeological data, in combination with a simulation\n  of the sky of that time in a Planetarium, to present the\n  astronomical findings to the public.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
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            "description": null,
            "filetitle": "Steinabrunn Sunrise",
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            "type": "image/jpeg",
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            "thumb_image_sizes": [
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        "authors": [
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        ],
        "booktitle": "Third Central European Multimedia and Virtual Reality Conference (Proc.  CEMVRC2006)",
        "date_from": "2006-11-06",
        "date_to": "2006-11-08",
        "editor": "Cecilia Sik Lanyi ",
        "isbn": "963-9495-89-1",
        "lecturer": [
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        ],
        "location": "Eger",
        "pages_from": "43",
        "pages_to": "51",
        "publisher": "Pannonian University Press",
        "research_areas": [
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        "keywords": [
            "Virtual Reality",
            "Public Dissemination",
            "Archaeo-Astronomy"
        ],
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    {
        "id": "zotti-2006-dgm",
        "type_id": "journalpaper_notalk",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "A Sky Dome Visualisation for Identification of Astronomical Orientations",
        "date": "2006",
        "abstract": "It has long been known that ancient temples were frequently oriented\n  along the cardinal directions or to certain points along the horizon\n  where the Sun or the Moon rises or sets on special days of the year.  In the\n  last decades, archaeologists have found evidence of even older\n  building structures buried in the soil, with doorways that also\n  appear to have distinct orientations.\n\n  This paper presents a novel diagram combining archaeological maps\n  with a folded-apart, flattened view of the whole sky, showing the\n  local horizon and the daily paths of the Sun, Moon and brighter stars.\n  By use of this diagram, interesting groupings of astronomical\n  orientation directions, e.g. to certain sunrise and sunset points\n  could be identified, which were evidently used to mark certain days\n  of the year. Orientations towards rising and setting points of a few\n  significant stars very likely indicated the beginning of the\n  agricultural year in the middle neolithic period.",
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        "main_image": {
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            "filetitle": "Steinabrunn Stone Age Sky",
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        "authors": [
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        "issn": "1473-8716",
        "journal": "Information Visualization",
        "number": "5",
        "pages_from": "152",
        "pages_to": "166",
        "volume": "2006",
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        "keywords": [
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    },
    {
        "id": "zotti-2006-archaeo",
        "type_id": "talk",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Zur astronomischen Orientierung der Kreisgrabenanlagen Niederoesterreichs",
        "date": "2006",
        "abstract": "During the preparation of an exhibition about Neolithic circular enclosures (Kreisgrabenanlagen), the author found indications for the astronomical orientation of some of their doorways which are presented in this talk.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
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        "authors": [
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        ],
        "date_from": "2006-11-09",
        "date_to": "2006-11-11",
        "event": "Tagung: Astronomische Orientierung\nund Kalender in der Vorgeschichte",
        "location": "Berlin, Museum fuer Ur- und Fruehgeschichte (Museum for Pre- and Early History)",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "Prehistoric astronomy",
            "calendar history",
            "orientation of stone-age buildings"
        ],
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    {
        "id": "zotti-2005-AiD",
        "type_id": "journalpaper_notalk",
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        "title": "Kalender der Steinzeit",
        "date": "2005-11",
        "abstract": "Die Zugänge zu vielen Kreisgrabenanlagen sind zu Auf- und Untergangspunkten der Sonne zu speziellen Terminen wie Sonnwenden, Tag-/Nachtgleiche und genau zwischen diesen Terminen liegenden Daten ausgerichtet. Eine große Zahl zeigt auch Ausrichtung zum Aufgangspunkt der Pleiaden und Untergangspunkt des Antares. Dieses Ereignis am Morgenhimmel konnte als Startsignal für das bäuerliche Jahr verwendet werden.\n\nHINWEIS: In diesem kleinen Artikel ist leider ein Fehler passiert: Das Südosttor von Steinabrunn ist nicht zur Wintersonnwende, sondern zum \"Zwischentermin\" Anfang November/Anfang Februar orientiert.",
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        "issn": "0176-8522",
        "journal": "Archäologie in Deutschland",
        "number": "6",
        "pages_from": "27",
        "pages_to": "27",
        "volume": "2005",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "astronomische Orientierung",
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        ],
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/zotti-2005-AiD/",
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    },
    {
        "id": "Zotti-2005-vis",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "A Sky Dome Visualisation for Identification of Astronomical Orientations",
        "date": "2005-10",
        "abstract": "  It has long been known that ancient temples were frequently oriented along the cardinal directions or to certain points along the horizon where Sun or Moon rise or set on special days of the year.  In the last decades, archaeologists have found evidence of even older building structures buried in the soil, with doorways that also   appear to have distinct orientations.\n\n  This paper presents a novel diagram combining archaeological maps with a folded-apart, flattened view of the whole sky, showing the local horizon and the daily paths of sun, moon and brighter stars. By use of this diagram, interesting groupings of astronomical   orientation directions, e.g. to certain sunrise and sunset points   could be identified, which were evidently used to mark certain days\n  of the year. Orientations to a few significant stars very likely   indicated the beginning of the agricultural year in the middle\n  neolithic period.",
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        "booktitle": "Proceedings IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization",
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        "title": "On Cross-Validation and Resampling of BRDF Data Measurements",
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        "id": "zotti-2005-kat",
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        "title": "Kalenderbauten? -- Zur astronomischen Ausrichtung der Kreisgrabenanlagen in Niederösterreich",
        "date": "2005-05",
        "abstract": "Eine Untersuchung von 28 neolithischen  Kreisgrabenanlagen Niederösterreichs ergab, dass etwa ein Drittel der Anlagen nicht solaren, sondern stellaren Bezug hatte, wobei eine Ausrichtung zum Aufgang der Pleiaden und dem gleichzeitigen Untergang des Antares am häufigsten vorkommt. Der heliakische Aufgang der Pleiaden konnte als Beginn des bäuerlichen Jahres verwendet werden. \n\nAn investigation of 28 neolithic circular enclosures (Kreisgrabenanlagen) showed a frequent orientation of doorways towards the rising point of the Pleiades star cluster and the setting point of the star Antares. The heliacal rising of the Pleiades could be used as start signal for the agricultural year.",
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        "title": "Approximating Real-World Luminaires with OpenGL Lights",
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        "abstract": "Dynamic illumination in real-time applications using OpenGL is still usually done with the classical light forms of point lights, directional\n  lights and spot lights.  For applications simulating real-world\n  scenes, e.g. architectural planning, finding parameter sets for\n  these simple lights to match real-world luminaires is required for\n  realistic work. This paper describes a simple approach to\n  process a luminaire data file in IESNA IES-LM63-95 format to create\n  an approximation using at most 2 OpenGL lights to represent one\n  luminaire.",
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        "editor": "Vaclav Skala",
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        "id": "gzotti-2005-krU",
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        "title": "Die Untersuchung keltisch-römischer Umgangstempel auf astronomische Orientierung",
        "date": "2005",
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        "booktitle": "Der norisch-römische Kultplatz am Frauenberg",
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        "title": "Der Himmel der Urzeit -- Zur astronomischen Interpretation der Himmelsscheibe im Kontext frühmitteleuropäischer Kulturen",
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        "tu_id": null,
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        "title": "Zur astronomischen Interpretation ausgezeichneter Richtungen der Neolithischen Kreisgrabenanlagen Niederösterreichs",
        "date": "2005",
        "abstract": "Die Untersuchung der Tor-Orientierung von 28 jungsteinzeitlichen Kreisgrabenanlagen (4800-4500 v.Chr.) ergab durchwegs Ausrichtungen zu bestimmten Auf- und Untergangspunkten der Sonne (z.B. Sonnwenden) und 4 ausgewählter Sterne, denen kalendarische Bedeutung zuzuordnen ist.\r\n\r\n(Results from analysis of 28 Kreisgrabenanlagen indicate orientation of their access doorways towards certain rising and setting points of the sun and selected stars.)",
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        "date_from": "2005-05-07",
        "event": "9. Niederösterreichsches Teleskoptreffen",
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        "abstract": "This paper describes an accurate method to obtain the\nTone Reproduction Curve (TRC) of display devices without using\na measurement device. It is an improvement of an existing technique\nbased on human observation, solving its problem of numerical instability\nand resulting in functions in log--log scale which correspond better\nto the nature of display devices.\nWe demonstrate the effiency of our technique on different monitor\ntechnologies, comparing it with direct measurements using a\nspectrophotometer.",
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        "title": "An Analytical Model for Skylight Polarisation",
        "date": "2004-06",
        "abstract": "Under certain circumstances the polarisation state of the illumination can have a significant influence on the appearance of scenes; outdoor scenes with specular surfaces -- such as water bodies or windows -- under clear, blue skies are good examples of such environments. In cases like that it can be essential to use a polarising renderer if a true prediction of nature is intended, but so far no polarising skylight models have been presented.\n  \nThis paper presents a plausible analytical model for the polarisation of the light emitted from a clear sky. Our approach is based on a suitable combination of several components with well-known characteristics, and yields acceptable results in considerably less time than an exhaustive simulation of the underlying atmospheric scattering phenomena would require.",
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        "abstract": "Der Blick auf Wien wurde Hartmann Schedels Weltchronik (1493) entnommen.\r\n\r\nDas Motiv \"Die Könige folgen dem Stern\" findet sich im Atlas Catalan der Bibliothèque Nationale de France (14. Jahrhundert). Es wurde für die Karte etwas überarbeitet.\r\n\r\nDie drei Buchstaben stehen für die Initialen der Magoi (gr.: Meister).\r\n\r\nDer Himmel basiert auf einem Screenshot von VRMoSS, dem Virtual Reality Model of the Solar System, entwickelt für das EU-Projekt \"ASH\" (http://www.ashproject.org, jetzt http://www.virtualcontrolroom.org). Es stellt den Blick auf den abendlichen Westhimmel im November des Jahres 7 v.u.Z. dar, an dem eine Konjunktion von Jupiter (Königsstern der chaldäischen Astrologie) und Saturn (Stern der Juden) vor dem Hintergrund der Fische (der Region Palästina zugeordnet) sichtbar war. Dieses Ereignis ist eine der besten natürlichen Erklärungen für den Biblischen \"Stern der Weisen\". Die Planeten sind stark vergrößert dargestellt. Der Lichtkegel des Zodiakallichts (an interplanetarem Staub gestreutes Sonnenlicht) wurde während der Nachbearbeitung eingefügt.\r\n\r\nDas Gesamtbild wurde mit GIMP, dem freien GNU Image Manipulation Programm, erstellt. \r\n\r\nIdee, Materialien: Attila Neumann, Georg Zotti, Alexander Wilkie und andere.\r\nVRMoSS, Ausführung: Georg Zotti (2002) \r\n\r\n\r\nThe lower part of the image is a woodcut of Vienna taken from Hartmann Schedel's Chronicle Of The World (1493).\r\n\r\nThe image \"The Kings Follow the Star\" was taken from the Atlas Catalan, Bibliothèque Nationale de France (14th Century) and slightly modified. According to central European tradition, one of the kings was a Moor.\r\n\r\nThe three letters represent the initials of the Magi (gr.: Master).\r\n\r\nThe sky image is a screenshot from VRMoSS (Virtual Reality Model of the Solar System), developed at our institute for the EU project \"ASH\" (http://www.ashproject.org, now http://www.virtualcontrolroom.org). It represents the evening sky of mid-November of the year 7 B.C.E., showing the close conjunction of Jupiter (star of the kings in Chaldean astrology) and Saturn (star of the Jews) - both greatly enlarged - in the constellation of Pisces (the fishes; related to Palestine), which is one of the best natural explanations of the biblical story of the star followed by the magi (\"wise men\" or \"kings\"). The light cone of the Zodiacal Light (sunlight reflected by dust in the Solar System) has been added during the postprocessing.\r\n\r\nThe image has been composed with GIMP, the free GNU Image Manipulation Program.\r\n\r\nIdea, material: Attila Neumann, Georg Zotti, Alexander Wilkie, and others.\r\nVRMoSS, artwork: Georg Zotti (2002) ",
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