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        "title": "Supporting Configurability in a Tangibly Augmented Environment for Design Students",
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        "title": "Stone-Age Monumental Circular Ditch Systems",
        "date": "2004-04",
        "abstract": "Exhibition on Virtual Reconstructions in Cultural Heritage, now online at http://www.visibleart.net/artwork.php?artid=197 .",
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        "event": "Spring Conference on Computer Graphics 2004",
        "location": "Budmerice, Slovakia",
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        "title": "Providing Multimedia Tools for Recording, Reconstruction, Visualization and Database Storage/ Access of Archaeological Excavations",
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        "booktitle": "4th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage",
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        "id": "Matkovic-2002-Vir",
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        "title": "Virtual Gutenberg`s Printing Press",
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        "journal": "OEGAI-Journal",
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        "volume": "21",
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        "title": "Augmented Reality: The Interface is Everywhere",
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        "note": "SIGGRAPH 2001 Course Notes #27, Los Angeles, USA, ACM Press, August 2001",
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    {
        "id": "Faisstnauer-2001-Con",
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        "title": "Construction of an Open Geometry Server for Client Server Virtual Environments",
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        "note": "Proceedings of the IEEE VR 2001 conference, pp. 105-112, Yokohama, Japan, 2001",
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    {
        "id": "Schm-2000-Stb",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
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        "title": "The Studierstube Augmented Reality Project",
        "date": "2000-12",
        "abstract": "This paper describes Studierstube, an augmented reality\nsystem developed over the past four years at Vienna University of Technology,\nAustria, in extensive collaboration with Fraunhofer CRCG, Inc. in Providence,\nRhode Island, U.S. Our starting point for developing the Studierstube system\nwas the belief that augmented reality, the less obtrusive cousin of virtual\nreality, has a better chance of becoming a viable user interface for applications\nrequiring manipulation of complex three-dimensional information as a daily routine.\nIn essence, we are searching for a 3D user interface metaphor as powerful as the\ndesktop metaphor for 2D. At the heart of the Studierstube system, collaborative\naugmented reality is used to embed computer-generated images into the real work\nenvironment. In the first part of this paper, we review the user interface of\nthe initial Studierstube system, in particular the implementation of collaborative\naugmented reality, and the Personal Interaction Panel, a two-handed interface for\ninteraction with the system. In the second part, an extended Studierstube system\nbased on a heterogeneous distributed architecture is presented. This system allows\nthe user to combine multiple approaches--augmented reality, projection displays,\nubiquitous computing--to the interface as needed. The environment is controlled\nby the Personal Interaction Panel, a two-handed pen-and-pad interface, which has\nversatile uses for interacting with the virtual environment. Studierstube also\nborrows elements from the desktop, such as multi-tasking and multi-windowing.\nThe resulting software architecture resembles in some ways what could be called\nan augmented reality operating system. The presentation is complemented by\n                 selected application examples.",
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        "id": "Gervautz-1999-Vir",
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        "title": "Virtual Environments '99",
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        "note": "Springer Wien-New York, 1999.",
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    {
        "id": "Fuhrmann-1999-Occ",
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        "title": "Occlusion in collaborative augmented environments",
        "date": "1999",
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        "note": "Proceedings of the 5th EUROGRAPHICS Workshop on Virtual Environments (EGVE 1999), Vienna, June 1-2, 1999.",
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    {
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        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Occlusion in collaborative augmented environments (extended version). ",
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        "note": "Computers & Graphics 23 (1999) pp.809-819, Oxford, 1999.",
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        "title": "Towards Engaging Full-Body Interaction",
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        "note": "Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International'99), August 22-27, Munich, Germany, 1999",
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        "title": "Occlusion in Collaborative Augmented Environments",
        "date": "1998-12",
        "abstract": "Augmented environments superimpose computer enhancements on the real world. Such augmented environments are well suited for collaboration of multiple users. To improve the quality and consistency of the augmentation the occlusion of real objects by computer-generated objects and vice versa has to be implemented. We present methods how this can be done for a tracked user's body and other real objects and how irritating artifacts due to misalignments can be reduced. Our method is based on simulating the occlusion of virtual objects by a representation of the user modeled as kinematic chains of articulated solids. Registration and modeling errors of this model are being reduced by smoothing the border between virtual world and occluding real object. An implementation in our augmented environment and the resulting improvements are presented.",
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    {
        "id": "Fuhrmann-1998-CVA",
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        "title": "Collaborative Visualization in Augmented Reality",
        "date": "1998-01",
        "abstract": "STUDIERSTUBE is an augmented reality system that has\nseveral advantages over conventional desktop and other virtual\nreality environments, including true stereoscopy, 3D-interaction,\nindividual viewpoints and customized views for multiple users,\nunhindered natural collaboration and low cost. We demonstrate the\napplication of this concept for the interaction of multiple  users\nand illustrate it with several visualizations of dynamical systems\nin DynSys3D, a visualization system running on top of AVS. We also\nshow how the integration of AR into a commercial visualization\nsystem can be achieved. Several examples constructed in DynSys3D -\ndeveloped for the visualization of complex dynamical systems in\nAVS - will complement the presentation.",
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        "number": "TR-186-2-98-01",
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        "keywords": [
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    {
        "id": "Szalavari-1998-CGAR",
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        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Collaborative Gaming in Augmented Reality",
        "date": "1998-01",
        "abstract": "We introduce a local collaborative environment for gaming.\nIn our setup multiple users can interact with the virtual game and the real\nsurroundings at the same time. They are able to communicate with other\nplayers during the game. We describe an augmented reality setup for\nmultiple users with see-trough head-mounted displays, allowing dedicated\nstereoscopic views and individualized interaction for each user. We use\nface-snapping for fast and precise direct object manipulation. With face\nsnapping and the subdivision of the gaming space into spatial regions, the\nsemantics of actions can be derived out of geometric actions of the user.\nFurther, we introduce a layering concept allowing individual views onto the\ncommon data structure. The layer concept allows to make privacy management\nvery easy by simply manipulating the common data structure. Moreover,\nassigning layers to spatial regions carefully, a special privacy management\nis often not necessary. Moving objects from one region into another will\nautomatically change their visibility and privacy for each participant. We\ndemonstrate our system with two example board-games: Virtual Roulette and\nMah-Jongg, both relying heavily on social communication and the need of a\nprivate space.\n",
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        "number": "TR-186-2-98-10",
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    {
        "id": "Szalavari-1998-Aug",
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        "title": "Augmented  Reality  Enabled Collaborative Work in \"Studierstube\"",
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        "note": "Abstract, EURO-VR'97 conference,  Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Nov. 10-11, 1998.",
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    {
        "id": "Szalavari-1998-Col",
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        "title": "Collaborative Gaming in Augmented  Reality, Proceedings of VRST'98, pp.195-204, November 2-5, 1998",
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    {
        "id": "Szalavari-1998-Int",
        "type_id": "misc",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Interaktion mit virtuellen Informationen in  realen Umgebungen - das \"Personal Interaction Panel\"",
        "date": "1998",
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        "note": "Arbeiten und begreifen:  Neue Mensch-Maschine - Schnittstellen, lit-Verlag, pp. 147-158, Germany,  1998.",
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    {
        "id": "Wonka-1998-Ray",
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        ],
        "note": "WSCG Plzen 1998  Proceedings, pp. 424-431, 1998.",
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        "id": "Szalavari-1998-Stu",
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    {
        "id": "Schmalstieg-1998-Stu",
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        "id": "Fuhrmann-1998-Str",
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        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Strolling through Cyberspace  with  Your Hands in Your Pockets: Head Directed Navigation in Virtual Environments",
        "date": "1998",
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        "id": "Fuhrmann-1998-Col",
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        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Collaborative  Visualization in Augmented Reality",
        "date": "1998",
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        ],
        "note": "IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications,  Vol.  18, No. 4, pp. 54-59, IEEE Computer Society, 1998.",
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    {
        "id": "Szalavari-1997-ARECWS",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Augmented Reality Enabled Collaborative Work in 'Studierstube'",
        "date": "1997-09",
        "abstract": "We introduce a multi-user augmented reality system to support\ncollaboration of participants in research, presentation and education. Our system\n\"Studierstube\"  presents three-dimensional stereoscopic images simultaneously to a\ngroup of users wearing see-through head mounted displays. The displays do not affect\nnatural communication and interaction, making working together very effective. Users see\nthe same spatially aligned model, but can independently control their viewpoint and\n        different layers of the data to be displayed.",
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        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Augmented Reality Enabled Collaborative Work in 'Studierstube'",
        "date": "1997-09",
        "abstract": "We introduce a multi-user augmented reality system to support\ncollaboration of participants in research, presentation and education. Our system\n\"Studierstube\"  presents three-dimensional stereoscopic images simultaneously to a\ngroup of users wearing see-through head mounted displays. The displays do not affect\nnatural communication and interaction, making working together very effective. Users see\nthe same spatially aligned model, but can independently control their viewpoint and\n        different layers of the data to be displayed.",
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        "id": "Schmalstieg-1997-IRN",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "recursIV: Interactive Rendering of Natural Phenomena",
        "date": "1997-03",
        "abstract": "We present an approach for direct rendering of natural\nphenomena such as trees, plants or mountains from a procedural\nrepresentation at interactive frame rates. Our approach is based on\ndirected cyclic graphs. It allows to represent extremely complex scenes\nwith little memory and modeling effort. Very large scale virtual\nenvironments are supported by a bandwidth-preserving networking approach\nthat makes use of the compact representation and on-the-fly database\namplification.",
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        "authors": [
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        "number": "TR-186-2-97-04",
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        "pages_to": "10",
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        "keywords": [
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            "natural phenomena",
            "fractals",
            "interactive rendering"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
        "files": [
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    },
    {
        "id": "Szalavari-1997-Studierstube",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "'Studierstube' An Environment for Collaboration in\n                Augmented Reality",
        "date": "1997-01",
        "abstract": "We propose an architecture for multi-user augmented\nreality with applications in visualization, presentation and education,\nwhich we call ´Studierstube´. Our system presents three-dimensional\nstereoscopic graphics simultaneously to group of users wearing light weight\nsee-through head mounted displays. The displays do not affect natural\ncommunication and interaction, making working together very effective.\nUsers see the same spatially aligned model, but can independently control\ntheir viewpoint and different layers of the data to be displayed. Major\nfield of application serves computer supported cooperative work and\nenhances cooperation of experts. The paper presents the client server\nsoftware architecture underlying this system and details that must be\naddressed to create a high-quality augmented reality setup.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
        "sync_repositum_override": null,
        "repositum_presentation_id": null,
        "authors": [
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            202,
            204,
            249
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-97-01",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "12",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "multi-user applications",
            "augmented reality",
            "collaboration",
            "distributed graphics"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
        "files": [
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1997/Szalavari-1997-Studierstube/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "traxler-1997-TRA",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Efficient Ray Tracing of Complex Natural Scenes",
        "date": "1997",
        "abstract": "In this paper we present a method for the consistent modelling and efficient ray tracing of complex natural scenes. Both plants and terrains are modelled and represented in the same way to allow mutual influences of their appearance and interdependencies of their geometry. Plants are generated together with a fractal terrain, so that they directly grow on it. This allows an accurate calculation of reflections and the cast of shadows. The scenes are modeled with a special kind of PL-Systems and are represented by cyclic object-instancing graphs. This is a very compact representation for ray tracing, which avoids restrictions to the complexity of the scenes. To significantly increase the\nefficiency of ray tracing with this representation an adaptation of conventional optimization\ntechniques to cyclic graphs is necessary. In this paper we introduce methods for the calculation of a\nbounding box hierarchy and the use of a regular 3d-grid for cyclic graphs.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
        "sync_repositum_override": null,
        "repositum_presentation_id": null,
        "authors": [
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            249
        ],
        "booktitle": "Proceedings of Fractal 97",
        "date_from": "2007",
        "editor": "M. M. Novak and T. G. Dewey",
        "lecturer": [
            237
        ],
        "location": "Denver, Colorado",
        "publisher": "World Scientific Publishers",
        "research_areas": [
            "Rendering"
        ],
        "keywords": [
            "Cyclic Object Instancing Graphs",
            "PL-systems",
            "Natural Phenomena ",
            "Ray Tracing"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1997/traxler-1997-TRA/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "Szalavari-1996-PIP",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "The Personal Interaction Panel - a Two-Handed Interface for\n                Augmented Reality",
        "date": "1996-09",
        "abstract": "This paper describes the introduction of a new interaction\nparadigm to augmented reality applications. The everyday\ntool handling experience of working with pen and notebooks\nis extended to create a three dimensional two-handed\ninterface, that supports easy-to-understand manipulation\ntasks in augmented and virtual environments. In the design\nstep we take advantage from the freedom, given by our very\nlow demands on hardware and augment form and functionality\nto this device. On the basis of examples from object\nmanipulation, augmented research environments and\nscientific visualization we show the generality of\napplicability. Although beeing in the first stages\nimplementation, we consider the wide spectrum of\n                suitability for different pourposes.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
        "sync_repositum_override": null,
        "repositum_presentation_id": null,
        "authors": [
            234,
            249
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-96-20",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "7",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "3D user interface",
            "augmented reality"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
        "files": [
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                "filetitle": "paper",
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                "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1996/Szalavari-1996-PIP/Szalavari-1996-PIP-paper.gz",
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        ],
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1996/Szalavari-1996-PIP/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "schmalstieg-1996-SEC",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "'Studierstube' - An Environment for Collaboration in\n                Augmented Reality",
        "date": "1996-04",
        "abstract": "We present an architecture for multi-user augmented\nreality. See-through HMDs allow shared experience of\nvirtual objects that do not suffer from restriction of\n                previous projection screen based approaches.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
        "sync_repositum_override": null,
        "repositum_presentation_id": null,
        "authors": [
            202,
            204,
            234,
            249
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-96-17",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "2",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "virtual environments",
            "augmented reality",
            "collaboration"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
        "files": [
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                "description": null,
                "filetitle": "paper",
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                "type": "application/octet-stream",
                "size": 19801,
                "path": "Publication:schmalstieg-1996-SEC",
                "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1996/schmalstieg-1996-SEC/schmalstieg-1996-SEC-paper.gz",
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1996/schmalstieg-1996-SEC/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "schmalstieg-1996-IRN",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Interactive Rendering of Natural Phenomena with Directed\n                Cyclic Graphs",
        "date": "1996-04",
        "abstract": "This work proposes a compact representation of complex\nscenes for interactive rendering of natural phenomena.\nApplications include interactive design and modeling of\n                outdoor scenes for distributed virtual environments.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
        "sync_repositum_override": null,
        "repositum_presentation_id": null,
        "authors": [
            202,
            237,
            249
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-96-16",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "2",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "fractals",
            "virtual environments"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
        "files": [
            {
                "description": null,
                "filetitle": "paper",
                "main_file": true,
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                "type": "application/octet-stream",
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                "path": "Publication:schmalstieg-1996-IRN",
                "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1996/schmalstieg-1996-IRN/schmalstieg-1996-IRN-paper.gz",
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1996/schmalstieg-1996-IRN/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "gervautz-1996-SMU",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Studierstube - A Multi-User Augmented Reality Environment\n                for Visualization and Education",
        "date": "1996-03",
        "abstract": "We propose an architecture for augmented reality\napplications. Three-dimensional stereoscopic graphics\nis presented to group of users wearing light weight\nsee-through displays simultaneously. Individuals can\nindependently control their viewpoint, and configure the\ndisplayed data to their likings and needs. As everybody\nsees the same model, and at the same time users see each\nother, working together is very effective. Numerous\napplications are possible, mostly for information\nvisualization and education purposes. To support our claims,\nwe describe the client server software architecture\nunderlying this system, and some of the details of technical\ndetails that must be addressed to create a high-quality\n                augmented reality setting.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
        "sync_repositum_override": null,
        "repositum_presentation_id": null,
        "authors": [
            249,
            202,
            234,
            425,
            426,
            427
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-96-10",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "8",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "augmented reality",
            "multi-user applications",
            "distributed graphics"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
        "files": [
            {
                "description": null,
                "filetitle": "paper",
                "main_file": true,
                "use_in_gallery": false,
                "access": "public",
                "name": "gervautz-1996-SMU-paper.gz",
                "type": "application/octet-stream",
                "size": 47582,
                "path": "Publication:gervautz-1996-SMU",
                "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1996/gervautz-1996-SMU/gervautz-1996-SMU-paper.gz",
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        "projects_workgroups": [],
        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1996/gervautz-1996-SMU/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "mazuryk-1996-VRH",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Virtual Reality History, Applications, Technology and\n                Future",
        "date": "1996-02",
        "abstract": "Virtual Reality (VR), sometimes called Virtual\nEnvironments (VE) has drawn much attention in the last few\nyears. Extensive media coverage causes this interest to\ngrow rapidly. Very few people, however, really know what\nVR is, what its basic principles and its open problems are.\nIn this paper a historical overview of virtual reality is\npresented, basic terminology and classes of VR systems are\nlisted, followed by applications of this technology in\nscience, work, and entertainment areas. An insightful\nstudy of typical VR systems is done. All components of VR\napplication and interrelations between them are thoroughly\nexamined: input devices, output devices and software.\nAdditionally human factors and their implication on the\ndesign issues of VE are discussed. Finally, the future of\nVR is considered in two aspects: technological and social.\nNew research directions, technological frontiers and\npotential applications are pointed out. The possible\npositive and negative influence of VR on life of average\n                people is speculated.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
        "sync_repositum_override": null,
        "repositum_presentation_id": null,
        "authors": [
            238,
            249
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-96-06",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "72",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "Virtual Reality",
            "history of VR",
            "applications of VR",
            "technology of VR",
            "future of VR"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
        "files": [
            {
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                "filetitle": "paper",
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1996/mazuryk-1996-VRH/",
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    {
        "id": "Schmalstieg-1996-DDG",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Demand-Driven Geometry Transmission for Distributed\n                Virtual Environments",
        "date": "1996-01",
        "abstract": "We present a strategy for rendering in distributed virtual\nenvironments. A geometry database is maintained by a server,\nwhile user invoke individual clients to interact with the\nenvironment. Instead of downloading a complete copy of the\ngeometry data, the data is distributed on demand, thus\ngaining significant savings in network bandwidth. Our strategy\ncombines several techniques, including levels of detail,\nprogressive refinement and graceful degradation to deliver\nthe data 'just in time' over the network to the rendering\nprocess. The method allows operate on a tight resource budget,\nwhich important if attempting to use low cost systems for\n                virtual reality applications.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
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        "sync_repositum_override": null,
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        "authors": [
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            249
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        "number": "TR-186-2-96-01",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "12",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "virtual reality",
            "distributed graphics",
            "multi-user applications",
            "levels of detail"
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    {
        "id": "Traxler-1996-GAI",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Using Genetic Algorithms to Improve the Visual Quality of                Fractal Plants Generated with CSG-PL-Systems",
        "date": "1996-01",
        "abstract": "PL-systems are a powerful and flexible technique for plant\nmodeling. Unfortunately it is a hard task to specify a\nPL-system, that generates a desired plant. Especially the\ntuning of the parameter values is time consuming and demands\na lot of experience from the user. In this paper we describe\nhow to apply genetic algorithms to CSG-PL-systems, which are\na special class of PL-systems. A decomposition of\nCSG-PL-systems is introduced to extract those parts, which\ncan serve as genotype. Mutation and mating, the two major\noperations of evolution techniques, are applied to this data\nset. With the described method it is possible to find easily\nnatural looking individuals out of a species that is\n                described in an abstract way by the underlying CSG-PL-system.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
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        "authors": [
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            249
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-96-04",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "10",
        "research_areas": [
            "Modeling"
        ],
        "keywords": [
            "Genetic algorithms",
            "artificial evolution",
            "CSG-PL-systems",
            "natural phenomena"
        ],
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    {
        "id": "Traxler-1996-CTB",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Calculation of Tight Bounding Volumes for Cyclic CSG-Graphs",
        "date": "1996-01",
        "abstract": "This paper describes how to adapt conventional optimization\ntechniques to cyclic CSG graphs, which are a compact\nrepresentation for the ray tracing of objects defined by\nparallel rewriting systems. For CSG trees a hierarchy of\nbounding volumes is buildt up by a simple recursive algorithm.\nA straight forward transition of this algorithm to CSG graphs\nyields to very huge and thus useless bounding volumes. In this\npaper we introduce an algorithm which calculates tight\nbounding volumes for the nodes of cyclic CSG graphs. This\nmethod can also be applied to CSG trees with explicit\n                transformation nodes or CSG dags.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
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        "authors": [
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            249
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-96-03",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "10",
        "research_areas": [
            "Geometry"
        ],
        "keywords": [
            "CSG Graphs",
            "Bounding Volumes",
            "Ray Tracing"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
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    },
    {
        "id": "Schmalstieg-1995-OCD",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Optimizing Communication in Distributed Virtual Environments\n\t\tby Specialized Protocols",
        "date": "1995-11",
        "abstract": "We present a set of protocols designed to be used for\nspecial communication needs in client-server based virtual\nenvironments. They address simulation, animation, interaction\nand VE authoring, and can be combined as needed for multiple\nlevels of participation in the VE. Separating these tasks in\ndifferent optimized protocols leads to more efficiency in\n\t\tusing the given bandwidth of todays computer networks.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
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        "authors": [
            202,
            249,
            435
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-95-14",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "6",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "virtual reality",
            "virtual environments",
            "communication",
            "network protocols",
            "distributed graphics",
            "client-server architectures"
        ],
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    {
        "id": "Schmalstieg-1995-IGC",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Implementing Gibsonian Virtual Environments",
        "date": "1995-10",
        "abstract": "We speculate on the possibilities for a realization of the\nidea of a three-dimensional Cyberspace, as sketched in\nthe novels of William Gibson using today's technology.\nVirtual reality and global networks such as the Internet\ntogether can provide the fundamentals for such an effort.\nFrom an examination of the technological principles of a\nGibsonian virtual environment, we conclude what properties\nsuch an implementation must have. An implementation of a\nsystem with these properties faces a number of problems in\nthe large and in the small; especially, the semantics of\nthe virtual environment and its inhabitants must be defined.\nWe also report on our ongoing implementation of a prototype\nsoftware system which was designed to evaluate the\n\t\tfeasibility of these ideas.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
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        "number": "TR-186-2-95-10",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "9",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "virtual environments",
            "Cyberspace"
        ],
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    },
    {
        "id": "gervautz-1995-comp",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Computer Animation and Visualization - Current Status and Trends",
        "date": "1995-09",
        "abstract": "",
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        "authors": [
            249,
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        ],
        "booktitle": "Proceedings of EUROSIM",
        "location": "Vienna, Austria",
        "note": "TALK: M. Gervautz",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [],
        "weblinks": [],
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1995/gervautz-1995-comp/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "mazuryk-1995-two",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Two-Step Prediction and Image Deflection for Exact Head-Tracking in Virtual Environments",
        "date": "1995-08",
        "abstract": "",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
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        "authors": [
            238,
            249
        ],
        "booktitle": "Proceedings of Eurographics",
        "date_from": "1995-08-28",
        "date_to": "1995-08-29",
        "location": "Maastricht, Holland",
        "note": "TALK: T. Mazuryk 30.8.1995",
        "pages_from": "29",
        "pages_to": "41",
        "research_areas": [],
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1995/mazuryk-1995-two/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "zeiller-1995-effi",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Efficient Collision Detection for General CSG Objects",
        "date": "1995-08",
        "abstract": "",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
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        "authors": [
            244,
            190,
            249
        ],
        "booktitle": "Computer Animation' 95",
        "editor": "D. Thalmann, D. Terzopoulos",
        "location": "Wien, Austria",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [],
        "weblinks": [],
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1995/zeiller-1995-effi/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "Mazuryk-1995-ZRA",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Zoom Rendering: Accelerating 3-D Rendering Performance\n                With 2-D Operations",
        "date": "1995-07",
        "abstract": "We propose a new method to accelerate rendering during the\ninteractive visualization of complex scenes. The method is\napplicable if the cost of per-pixel processing is high\ncompared to simple frame buffer transfer operations, as\nsupported by low-end graphics systems with high-performance\nCPUs or 2-D graphics accelerators. In this case rendering\nan appropriately down-scaled image and then enlarging it\nallows a trade-off of rendering speed and image quality.\nUsing this method, more uniform frame rates can be achieved,\n\t\tand the dynamic viewing error can be reduced.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
        "sync_repositum_override": null,
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        "authors": [
            238,
            202,
            249
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-95-09",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "9",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "zoom rendering",
            "2-D accelerators",
            "BitBlt",
            "Level of Detail",
            "rendering pipeline"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
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    },
    {
        "id": "Schmalstieg-1995-TVE",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Towards a virtual environment for interactive world building",
        "date": "1995-06",
        "abstract": "We propose an architecture for virtual environments that\nis aimed at the construction of a continuous global\ninformation space. Persistent simulation engines with freely\nprogrammable content are the key to achieve this goal. Our\napproach is based on a hybrid client-server/peer-to-peer\nnetwork: simulation data is maintained on a server that is\nresponsible for a region of the virtual environment. The\nserver exchanges information with neighboring servers, and\nallows users to participate in the environment through\nclients. The database is composed of object-oriented\nautonomous actors that communicate with each other by message\n\t\tpassing.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
        "sync_repositum_override": null,
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        "authors": [
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            249
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-95-08",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "10",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "distributed virtual environments",
            "simulation",
            "client-server systems"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1995/Schmalstieg-1995-TVE/",
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    },
    {
        "id": "schmalstieg-1995-system",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "On System Architectures for Virtual Environments",
        "date": "1995-05",
        "abstract": "",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
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        "authors": [
            202,
            249
        ],
        "booktitle": "Proceedings of the 11th Spring Conference on Computer Graphics",
        "date_from": "1995-05-29",
        "date_to": "1995-06-03",
        "location": "Bratislava, Slovakia",
        "note": "TALK: D. Schmalstieg 30.5.1995",
        "research_areas": [],
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1995/schmalstieg-1995-system/",
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    },
    {
        "id": "traxler-1995-clac",
        "type_id": "inproceedings",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Calculation of tight bounding volumes for cyclic CSG-graphs",
        "date": "1995-05",
        "abstract": "",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
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        "authors": [
            237,
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        ],
        "booktitle": "Proceedings of 11th Spring Conference on Computer Graphics",
        "date_from": "1995-05-29",
        "date_to": "1995-06-03",
        "location": "Bratislava, Slovakia",
        "note": "TALK: C. Traxler",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [],
        "weblinks": [],
        "files": [],
        "projects_workgroups": [],
        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1995/traxler-1995-clac/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "gervautz-1995-repre",
        "type_id": "journalpaper_notalk",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Representation and Realistic Rendering of Natural Phenomena with Cyclic CSG-Graphs",
        "date": "1995",
        "abstract": "",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
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        "authors": [
            249,
            237
        ],
        "issn": "01782789",
        "journal": "Visual Computer",
        "volume": "11",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [],
        "weblinks": [],
        "files": [],
        "projects_workgroups": [],
        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1995/gervautz-1995-repre/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "Traxler-1994-RRR",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Representation and Realistic Rendering of Natural Phenomena\n                with Cyclic CSG-graphs",
        "date": "1994-12",
        "abstract": "A method for ray tracing of recursive objects defined by\nparametric rewriting systems is introduced. Constructive\nSolid Geometry (CSG) is used as underlying object\nrepresentation. Thus the formal languages of our rewriting\nsystems are subsets of the infinite set of CSG expressions.\nInstead of deriving such expressions to build up large CSG\ntrees we translate the systems into cyclic CSG graphs, which\ncan be used directly as an object representation for ray\ntracing. For this purpose the CSG concept is extended by\nthree new nodes. Selection nodes join all the rules for one\ngrammar symbol, control the flow by selecting proper rules,\nand are end-points of cyclic edges. Transformation nodes map\nthe rays in affine space. Calculation nodes evaluate a finite\nset of arithmetic expressions to modify global parameters,\nwhich effect flow control and transformations. The CSG\ngraphs introduced here are a very compact data structure,\nmuch like the describing data set. This property meets our\nintention to avoid both restrictions of the complexity of\nthe scenes by computer memory and the approximation accuracy\n\t\tof objects.",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
        "sync_repositum_override": null,
        "repositum_presentation_id": null,
        "authors": [
            249,
            237
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-94-19",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "19",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
            "L-Systems",
            "CSG-graphs",
            "Ray Tracing",
            "Natural Phenomena",
            "Fractals"
        ],
        "weblinks": [],
        "files": [
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                "description": null,
                "filetitle": "paper",
                "main_file": true,
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                "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1994/Traxler-1994-RRR/Traxler-1994-RRR-paper.gz",
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        "url": "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/1994/Traxler-1994-RRR/",
        "__class": "Publication"
    },
    {
        "id": "Gervautz-1994-MUI",
        "type_id": "techreport",
        "tu_id": null,
        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Multimedia und Interaktion",
        "date": "1994-10",
        "abstract": "Classroom 2000 ist ein neues Buzzword geworden.\nWird unser Ausbildungssystem im Jahr 2000 durch\nneue Technologien všllig verŠndert sein? Werden\nLernende zu Hause oder an ihrem gewohnten\nArbeitsplatz bleiben und mit multimedialen\nAusbildungssystemen ihr Wissen erar\u001fbeiten. Werden\nKlassenzimmer zu hochtechnologischen GerŠteparks in\ndenen die Kommunikation zwischen Lehrer und\nLernenden fast nur mehr in digitaler Form erfolgt?\nOder werden wir mit Datenhelm und Datenhandschuh von\nVirtuellen Lernwelten so fasziniert, da§ ein\nAussteigen aus dieser Welt einem Drogenentzug\n                gleichkommt?",
        "authors_et_al": false,
        "substitute": null,
        "main_image": null,
        "sync_repositum_override": null,
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        "authors": [
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            445
        ],
        "number": "TR-186-2-94-7",
        "pages_from": "1",
        "pages_to": "15",
        "research_areas": [],
        "keywords": [
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        "title": "An Approach for Object-Oriented Animation Design",
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        "title": "Integrating a Scripting Language into an Interactive Animation System",
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        "note": "TALK: M. Gervautz 27.5.1994",
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        "title": "Multimedia und Interaktiv - Neue Lernwelten sind Realität geworden - ein Überblick",
        "date": "1994",
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        "event": "Symposium New Media in Education, Wirtschaftskammer Vienna",
        "location": "Wien, Austria",
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        "booktitle": "Graphic Gems IV",
        "editor": "Paul Heckbert",
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        "title": "VAST - An integrated Animation System Based on an Actor - Controller Structure",
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        "booktitle": "Proc. of the 4th EUROGRAPHICS'93 Animation and Simulation Workshop",
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        "id": "vesel-1993-rad",
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        "title": "Radiosity Computation in Flatland using a Monte Carlo Approach with extended Rays",
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        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "The Use of BSP-Trees for Solid Modelling",
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        "pages_from": "75",
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    {
        "id": "bienenstein-1993-vol",
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        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Volume Rendering of Tetrahedral Data",
        "date": "1993-02",
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        "booktitle": "Proceedings der International Conference on Computer Graphics",
        "location": "Bombay, Indien",
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        "title": "On Realistic Image Synthesis and Display",
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        "title": "CSG-Graphen zur realistischen Darstellung von Fraktalen Objekten",
        "date": "1993",
        "abstract": "",
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        "date_to": "1993-01",
        "location": "Friedrich- Alexander- University of Erlangen- Nürnberg",
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        "id": "gervautz-1993-wie",
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        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Wie eignen sich Multimedia- Systeme für den Einsatz in der universitären Lahre?",
        "date": "1993",
        "abstract": "",
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        "event": "Habilitationskolloquium",
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        "id": "ferschin-1992-kons",
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        "repositum_id": null,
        "title": "Konstruktive Hilfsmittel für den CAD- Einsatz bei Architekten",
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        "date": "1992",
        "abstract": "Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) defines the shape of objects, i.e. the inside and the outside regions of objects,\r\nbut it does not define the materialproperties of the space in the interior of objects. The definition is ambiguous.\r\nThere are points of space lying in several primitives, which can consist of different materials. When visualizing\r\ntransparent objects this ambiguity leads to strange results, which are not consistent with the CSG modelling\r\nscheme and must therefore be eliminated. This work describes how an unambiguous model can be built by\r\nasymmetric CSG-operators and how correct refraction and shading on material boundaries can be established\r\nby separating surface properties from material properties. This separation leads to a consistent view of CSG\r\nmodelling also concerning materials and surfaces. Ray tracing CSG trees and the shading model are influenced\r\nby these asymmetric operators. We introduce an applied classification scheme to handle the requirements of the\r\nnew operator definition.",
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        "volume": "11",
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        "title": "Refraction on different Material Boundaries in a CSG Environment - more a Modeling than a Shading Task",
        "date": "1991",
        "abstract": "",
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        "volume": "58",
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        "title": "Multi Media Database, a multi media course system",
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        "date_to": "1991-08",
        "event": "Workshop on Scientific Visualization",
        "location": "Schloß Dagstuhl, Germany",
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        "id": "gervautz-1991-erf",
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        "title": "Erfahrungen mit dem Einsatz von Multimedia in der Universitären Lehre",
        "date": "1991",
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        "title": "Correct Modeling of Transparency with Raytracing CSG-models",
        "date": "1990-06",
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        "booktitle": "Proceedings of Eurographics Workshop on Photosimulation, Realism and Physics in Computer Graphics",
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        "note": "In OCG-Schriftenreihe, in Druck",
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        "id": "gervautz-1990-die",
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        "title": "Die Rolle von CGI in der Realistischen Computergraphik",
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