@phdthesis{waldin-2017-thesis, title = "Using and Adapting to Limits of Human Perception in Visualization", author = "Nicholas Waldin", year = "2017", month = nov, address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria", school = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna University of Technology ", URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2017/waldin-2017-thesis/", } @article{Waldin_Nicholas_2017_FlickerObserver, title = "Flicker Observer Effect: Guiding Attention Through High Frequency Flicker in Images", author = "Nicholas Waldin and Manuela Waldner and Ivan Viola", year = "2017", abstract = "Drawing the user's gaze to an important item in an image or a graphical user interface is a common challenge. Usually, some form of highlighting is used, such as a clearly distinct color or a border around the item. Flicker can also be very salient, but is often perceived as annoying. In this paper, we explore high frequency flicker (60 to 72 Hz) to guide the user's attention in an image. At such high frequencies, the critical flicker frequency (CFF) threshold is reached, which makes the flicker appear to fuse into a stable signal. However, the CFF is not uniform across the visual field, but is higher in the peripheral vision at normal lighting conditions. Through experiments, we show that high frequency flicker can be easily detected by observers in the peripheral vision, but the signal is hardly visible in the foveal vision when users directly look at the flickering patch. We demonstrate that this property can be used to draw the user's attention to important image regions using a standard high refresh-rate computer monitor with minimal visible modifications to the image. In an uncalibrated visual search task, users could in a crowded image easily spot the specified search targets flickering with very high frequency. They also reported that high frequency flicker was distracting when they had to attend to another region, while it was hardly noticeable when looking at the flickering region itself.", month = may, journal = "Computer Graphics Forum", volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "467--476", URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2017/Waldin_Nicholas_2017_FlickerObserver/", } @inproceedings{Waldin_Nicholas_2016_Chameleon, title = "Chameleon Dynamic Color Mapping for Multi-Scale Structural Biology Models", author = "Nicholas Waldin and Mathieu Le Muzic and Manuela Waldner and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller and David Goodsell and Ludovic Autin and Ivan Viola", year = "2016", abstract = "Visualization of structural biology data uses color to categorize or separate dense structures into particular semantic units. In multiscale models of viruses or bacteria, there are atoms on the finest level of detail, then amino-acids, secondary structures, macromolecules, up to the compartment level and, in all these levels, elements can be visually distinguished by color. However, currently only single scale coloring schemes are utilized that show information for one particular scale only. We present a novel technology which adaptively, based on the current scale level, adjusts the color scheme to depict or distinguish the currently best visible structural information. We treat the color as a visual resource that is distributed given a particular demand. The changes of the color scheme are seamlessly interpolated between the color scheme from the previous views into a given new one. With such dynamic multi-scale color mapping we ensure that the viewer is able to distinguish structural detail that is shown on any given scale. This technique has been tested by users with an expertise in structural biology and has been overall well received.", event = "VCBM", booktitle = "Eurographics Workshop on Visual Computing for Biology and Medicine", URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2016/Waldin_Nicholas_2016_Chameleon/", } @inproceedings{Waldin_Nicholas_2016_Individualization, title = "Individualization of 2D Color Maps for People with Color Vision Deficiencies", author = "Nicholas Waldin and Matthias Bernhard and Peter Rautek and Ivan Viola", year = "2016", location = "Slomenice, Slovakia", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 32Nd Spring Conference on Computer Graphics", URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2016/Waldin_Nicholas_2016_Individualization/", } @article{Waldin_Nicholas_2016_Colormaps, title = "Personalized 2D color maps", author = "Nicholas Waldin and Matthias Bernhard and Ivan Viola", year = "2016", abstract = "2D color maps are often used to visually encode complex data characteristics such as heat or height. The comprehension of color maps in visualization is affected by the display (e.g., a monitor) and the perceptual abilities of the viewer. In this paper we present a novel method to measure a user׳s ability to distinguish colors of a two-dimensional color map on a given monitor. We show how to adapt the color map to the user and display to optimally compensate for the measured deficiencies. Furthermore, we improve user acceptance of the calibration procedure by transforming the calibration into a game. The user has to sort colors along a line in a 3D color space in a competitive fashion. The errors the user makes in sorting these lines are used to adapt the color map to his perceptual capabilities.", issn = "0097-8493", journal = "Computers & Graphics", volume = "59", pages = "143--150", keywords = "Color; Perception, Perception, Color vision deficiency", URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2016/Waldin_Nicholas_2016_Colormaps/", }