@article{mistelbauer-2013-cfa,
title = "Vessel Visualization using Curvicircular Feature Aggregation",
author = "Gabriel Mistelbauer and Anca Morar and Andrej Varchola and
R\"{u}diger Schernthaner and Ivan Baclija and Arnold
K\"{o}chl and Armin Kanitsar and Stefan Bruckner and Eduard
Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Radiological investigations are common medical practice for
the diagnosis of peripheral vascular diseases. Existing
visualization methods such as Curved Planar Reformation
(CPR) depict calcifications on vessel walls to determine if
blood is still able to flow. While it is possible with
conventional CPR methods to examine the whole vessel lumen
by rotating around the centerline of a vessel, we propose
Curvicircular Feature Aggregation (CFA), which aggregates
these rotated images into a single view. By eliminating the
need for rotation, vessels can be investigated by inspecting
only one image. This method can be used as a guidance and
visual analysis tool for treatment planning. We present
applications of this technique in the medical domain and
give feedback from radiologists.",
month = jun,
journal = "Computer Graphics Forum",
volume = "32",
number = "3",
pages = "231--240",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2013/mistelbauer-2013-cfa/",
}
@inproceedings{haidacher_2010_statTF,
title = "Volume Visualization based on Statistical Transfer-Function
Spaces",
author = "Martin Haidacher and Daniel Patel and Stefan Bruckner and
Armin Kanitsar and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2010",
abstract = "It is a difficult task to design transfer functions for
noisy data. In traditional transfer-function spaces, data
values of different materials overlap. In this paper we
introduce a novel statistical transfer-function space which
in the presence of noise, separates different materials in
volume data sets. Our method adaptively estimates
statistical properties, i.e. the mean value and the standard
deviation, of the data values in the neighborhood of each
sample point. These properties are used to define a
transfer-function space which enables the distinction of
different materials. Additionally, we present a novel
approach for interacting with our new transfer-function
space which enables the design of transfer functions based
on statistical properties. Furthermore, we demonstrate that
statistical information can be applied to enhance visual
appearance in the rendering process. We compare the new
method with 1D, 2D, and LH transfer functions to demonstrate
its usefulness.",
month = mar,
booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization 2010",
pages = "17--24",
keywords = "transfer function, statistics, shading, noisy data,
classification",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2010/haidacher_2010_statTF/",
}
@inproceedings{kohlmann-2009-cp,
title = "Contextual Picking of Volumetric Structures",
author = "Peter Kohlmann and Stefan Bruckner and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2009",
month = may,
isbn = "978-1-4244-4404-5",
location = "Peking, China",
editor = "Peter Eades, Thomas Ertl, Han-Wei Shen",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium 2009",
pages = "185--192",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2009/kohlmann-2009-cp/",
}
@techreport{TR-186-2-08-14,
title = "Smart Linking of 2D and 3D Views in Medical Applications",
author = "Peter Kohlmann and Stefan Bruckner and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2008",
abstract = "This paper presents two techniques for the linking of 2D and
3D views in medical applications. Hereby, the goal is a
better integration of 3D volume visualization into the
diagnostic workflow. Until now, the main obstacle for a good
integration is the time-consuming process to adjust various
parameters. The LiveSync interaction metaphor is a new
concept to synchronize 2D slice views and 3D volumetric
views of medical data sets. A single intuitive picking
interaction on anatomical structures which are detected in
2D slices results in an automatically generated 3D view. To
further improve the integration contextual picking is
presented as a method for the interactive identification of
contextual interest points within volumetric data. Our
results demonstrate how these techniques improve the
efficiency to generate diagnostically relevant images and
how contextual interest points can, e.g., facilitate the
highlighting of relevant structures.",
month = dec,
number = "TR-186-2-08-14",
address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria",
institution = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna
University of Technology ",
note = "human contact: technical-report@cg.tuwien.ac.at",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2008/TR-186-2-08-14/",
}
@inproceedings{haidacher-2008-vcbm,
title = "Information-based Transfer Functions for Multimodal
Visualization",
author = "Martin Haidacher and Stefan Bruckner and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2008",
abstract = "Transfer functions are an essential part of volume
visualization. In multimodal visualization at least two
values exist at every sample point. Additionally, other
parameters, such as gradient magnitude, are often retrieved
for each sample point. To find a good transfer function for
this high number of parameters is challenging because of the
complexity of this task. In this paper we present a general
information-based approach for transfer function design in
multimodal visualization which is independent of the used
modality types. Based on information theory, the complex
multi-dimensional transfer function space is fused to allow
utilization of a well-known 2D transfer function with a
single value and gradient magnitude as parameters.
Additionally, a quantity is introduced which enables better
separation of regions with complementary information. The
benefit of the new method in contrast to other techniques is
a transfer function space which is easy to understand and
which provides a better separation of different tissues. The
usability of the new approach is shown on examples of
different modalities.",
month = oct,
isbn = "978-3-905674-13-2",
publisher = "Eurographics Association",
location = "Delft",
issn = "2070-5778",
editor = "C.P Botha, G. Kindlmann, W.J. Niessen, and B. Preim",
booktitle = "VCBM ",
pages = "101--108",
keywords = "Multimodal Visualization, Transfer Function, Information
Theory",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2008/haidacher-2008-vcbm/",
}
@inproceedings{bruckner-2008-IVV,
title = "Integrating Volume Visualization Techniques Into Medical
Applications",
author = "Stefan Bruckner and Peter Kohlmann and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2008",
abstract = "One of the main obstacles in integrating 3D volume
visualization in the clinical workflow is the time-consuming
process of adjusting parameters such as viewpoint, transfer
functions, and clipping planes required to generate a
diagnostically relevant image. Current applications
therefore make scarce use of volume rendering and instead
primarily employ 2D views generated through standard
techniques such as multi-planar reconstruction (MPR).
However, in many cases 3D renditions can supply additional
useful information. This paper discusses ongoing work which
aims to improve the integration of 3D visualization into the
diagnostic workflow by automatically generating meaningful
renditions based on minimal user interaction. A method for
automatically generating 3D views for structures in 2D
slices based on a single picking interaction is presented.",
month = may,
isbn = "978-1-4244-2002-5",
location = "Paris, Frankreich",
booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th IEEE International Symposium on
Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro",
pages = "820--823",
keywords = "viewpoint selection, medical visualization, volume rendering",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2008/bruckner-2008-IVV/",
}
@inproceedings{kohlmann-2008-lse,
title = "LiveSync++: Enhancements of an Interaction Metaphor",
author = "Peter Kohlmann and Stefan Bruckner and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2008",
abstract = "The LiveSync interaction metaphor allows an efficient and
non-intrusive integration of 2D and 3D visualizations in
medical workstations. This is achieved by synchronizing the
2D slice view with the volumetric view. The synchronization
is initiated by a simple picking on a structure of interest
in the slice view. In this paper we present substantial
enhancements of the existing concept to improve its
usability. First, an efficient parametrization for the
derived parameters is presented, which allows hierarchical
refinement of the search space for good views. Second, the
extraction of the feature of interest is performed in a way,
which is adapting to the volumetric extent of the feature.
The properties of the extracted features are utilized to
adjust a predefined transfer function in a feature-enhancing
manner. Third, a new interaction mode is presented, which
allows the integration of more knowledge about the
user-intended visualization, without increasing the
interaction effort. Finally, a new clipping technique is
integrated, which guarantees an unoccluded view on the
structure of interest while keeping important contextual
information.",
month = may,
location = "Windsor, Ontario, Canada",
booktitle = "Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2008",
pages = "81--88",
keywords = "Viewpoint Selection, Linked Views, Medical Visualization,
Smart Interaction",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2008/kohlmann-2008-lse/",
}
@article{kohlmann-2007-livesync,
title = "LiveSync: Deformed Viewing Spheres for Knowledge-Based
Navigation",
author = "Peter Kohlmann and Stefan Bruckner and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2007",
abstract = "Although real-time interactive volume rendering is available
even for very large data sets, this visualization method is
used quite rarely in the clinical practice. We suspect this
is because it is very complicated and time consuming to
adjust the parameters to achieve meaningful results. The
clinician has to take care of the appropriate viewpoint,
zooming, transfer function setup, clipping planes and other
parameters. Because of this, most often only 2D slices of
the data set are examined. Our work introduces LiveSync, a
new concept to synchronize 2D slice views and volumetric
views of medical data sets. Through intuitive picking
actions on the slice, the users define the anatomical
structures they are interested in. The 3D volumetric view is
updated automatically with the goal that the users are
provided with expressive result images. To achieve this live
synchronization we use a minimal set of derived information
without the need for segmented data sets or data-specific
pre-computations. The components we consider are the picked
point, slice view zoom, patient orientation, viewpoint
history, local object shape and visibility. We introduce
deformed viewing spheres which encode the viewpoint quality
for the components. A combination of these deformed viewing
spheres is used to estimate a good viewpoint. Our system
provides the physician with synchronized views which help to
gain deeper insight into the medical data with minimal user
interaction.",
month = oct,
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics",
volume = "13",
number = "6",
note = "to be presented at IEEE Visualization 2007",
pages = "1544--1551",
keywords = "linked views, interaction, medical visualization,
navigation, viewpoint selection",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2007/kohlmann-2007-livesync/",
}
@article{roos-2007-mcp,
title = "Multipath Curved Planar Reformation of the Peripheral
Arterial Tree in CT Angiography",
author = "J Roos and Dominik Fleischmann and A Koechl and T Rakshe and
Mat\'{u}s Straka and A Napoli and Armin Kanitsar and Milos
Sramek and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2007",
month = jul,
journal = "Journal Radiology",
number = "1",
volume = "244",
pages = "281--290",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2007/roos-2007-mcp/",
}
@article{Kohlmann-2007-EBV,
title = "Evaluation of a Bricked Volume Layout for a Medical
Workstation based on Java",
author = "Peter Kohlmann and Stefan Bruckner and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2007",
abstract = "Volumes acquired for medical examination purposes are
constantly increasing in size. For this reason, the
computer’s memory is the limiting factor for visualizing
the data. Bricking is a well-known concept used for
rendering large data sets. The volume data is subdivided
into smaller blocks to achieve better memory utilization.
Until now, the vast majority of medical workstations use a
linear volume layout. We implemented a bricked volume layout
for such a workstation based on Java as required by our
collaborative company partner to evaluate different common
access patterns to the volume data. For rendering, we were
mainly interested to see how the performance will differ
from the traditional linear volume layout if we generate
images of arbitrarily oriented slices via Multi-Planar
Reformatting (MPR). Furthermore, we tested access patterns
which are crucial for segmentation issues like a random
access to data values and a simulated region growing. Our
goal was to find out if it makes sense to change the volume
layout of a medical workstation to benefit from bricking. We
were also interested to identify the tasks where problems
might occur if bricking is applied. Overall, our results
show that it is feasible to use a bricked volume layout in
the stringent context of a medical workstation implemented
in Java.",
month = jan,
journal = "Journal of WSCG",
volume = "15",
number = "1-3",
issn = "1213-6972",
pages = "83--90",
keywords = "MPR, Bricked Volume Layout, Medical Visualization, Medical
Workstation",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2007/Kohlmann-2007-EBV/",
}
@article{bruckner-2006-ICE,
title = "Illustrative Context-Preserving Exploration of Volume Data",
author = "Stefan Bruckner and S\"{o}ren Grimm and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2006",
abstract = "In volume rendering it is very difficult to simultaneously
visualize interior and exterior structures while preserving
clear shape cues. Highly transparent transfer functions
produce cluttered images with many overlapping structures,
while clipping techniques completely remove possibly
important context information. In this paper we present a
new model for volume rendering, inspired by techniques from
illustration. It provides a means of interactively
inspecting the interior of a volumetric data set in a
feature-driven way which retains context information. The
context-preserving volume rendering model uses a function of
shading intensity, gradient magnitude, distance to the eye
point, and previously accumulated opacity to selectively
reduce the opacity in less important data regions. It is
controlled by two user-specified parameters. This new method
represents an alternative to conventional clipping
techniques, shares their easy and intuitive user control,
but does not suffer from the drawback of missing context
information.",
month = nov,
issn = "1077-2626",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics",
number = "6",
volume = "12",
pages = "1559--1569",
keywords = "focus+context techniques, volume rendering, illustrative
visualization",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2006/bruckner-2006-ICE/",
}
@inproceedings{coto-2005-MAC,
title = "MammoExplorer: An Advanced CAD Application for Breast
DCE-MRI",
author = "Ernesto Coto and S\"{o}ren Grimm and Stefan Bruckner and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller and Armin Kanitsar and Omaira Rodriguez",
year = "2005",
abstract = "Currently X-ray mammography is the most widely used method
for early detection of breast cancer. However, the use of
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) has gained wider
attention, since it considerably improves tumor detection
and classification by analyzing the flow of contrast agent
within the breast tissue. In this paper we present
MammoExplorer, a CAD application that combines advanced
interaction, segmentation and visualization techniques to
explore Breast DCE-MRI data. Our application uses Brushing
and Linking, Two-level Volume Rendering, Importance-driven
Volume Rendering, and False Color Maps. In addition, we
present Enhancement Scatterplots, a novel graphical
representation of DCE-MRI data, novel segmentation
approaches, and a new way to explore time-varying CE-MRI
data.",
month = nov,
isbn = "3898380688",
location = "Erlangen, Germany",
editor = "G. Greiner, J. Hornegger, H. Niemann, M. Stamminger",
booktitle = "Proceedings of Vision, Modelling, and Visualization 2005",
pages = "91--98",
keywords = "CAD, Breast cancer, Contrast Enhanced MRI",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/coto-2005-MAC/",
}
@inproceedings{bruckner-2005-ICV,
title = "Illustrative Context-Preserving Volume Rendering",
author = "Stefan Bruckner and S\"{o}ren Grimm and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2005",
abstract = "In volume rendering it is very difficult to simultaneously
visualize interior and exterior structures while preserving
clear shape cues. Very transparent transfer functions
produce cluttered images with many overlapping structures,
while clipping techniques completely remove possibly
important context information. In this paper we present a
new model for volume rendering, inspired by techniques from
illustration that provides a means of interactively
inspecting the interior of a volumetric data set in a
feature-driven way which retains context information. The
context-preserving volume rendering model uses a function of
shading intensity, gradient magnitude, distance to the eye
point, and previously accumulated opacity to selectively
reduce the opacity in less important data regions. It is
controlled by two user-specified parameters. This new method
represents an alternative to conventional clipping
techniques, shares their easy and intuitive user control,
but does not suffer from the drawback of missing context
information. ",
month = may,
booktitle = "Proceedings of EuroVis 2005",
pages = "69--76",
keywords = "non-photorealistic techniques, focus+context techniques,
volume rendering",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/bruckner-2005-ICV/",
}
@incollection{groeller-2005-dia,
title = "Diagnostic Relevant Visualization of Vascular Structures ",
author = "Armin Kanitsar and Dominik Fleischmann and Rainer Wegenkittl
and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2005",
abstract = "Traditional volume visualization techniques sometimes
provide incomplete clinical information needed for
applications in medical visualization. In the area of
vascular visualization important features such as the lumen
of a diseased vessel segment may not be visible. One way to
display vascular structures for diagnostic purposes is to
generate longitudinal cross-sections in order to show their
lumen, wall, and surrounding tissue in a curved plane.
Curved planar reformation (CPR) has proven to be an
acceptable practical solution. We discuss four different
methods to generate CPR images from single vessel segments:
Projected CPR, stretched CPR, straightened CPR, and helical
CPR. Furthermore we investigate three different methods for
displaying vascular trees: Multi-path projected CPR,
multi-path stretched CPR, and untangled CPR. The principle
concept of each method is discussed and detailed information
for the realization is given. In addition the properties,
advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized.",
booktitle = "Scientific Visualization: The Visual Extraction of Knowledge
from Data",
editor = "G.-P. Bonneau, T. Ertl, G.M. Nielson",
isbn = "3540260668",
publisher = "Springer Verlag, Berlin",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/groeller-2005-dia/",
}
@article{viola-2005-imp,
title = "Importance-Driven Feature Enhancement in Volume
Visualization",
author = "Ivan Viola and Armin Kanitsar and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2005",
abstract = "This paper presents importance-driven feature enhancement as
a technique for the automatic generation of cut-away and
ghosted views out of volumetric data. The presented
focus+context approach removes or suppresses less important
parts of a scene to reveal more important underlying
information. however, less important parts are fully visible
in those regions, where important visual information is not
lost, i.e., more relevant features are not occluded.
Features within the volumetric data are first classified
according to a new dimension denoted as object importance.
This property determines which structures should be readily
discernible and which structures are less important. Next,
for each feature various representations (levels of
sparseness) from a dense to a sparse depiction are defined.
Levels of sparseness define a spectrum of optical properties
or rendering styles. The resulting image is generated by
ray-casting and combining the intersected features
proportional to their importance (importance compositing).
The paper includes an extended discussion on several
possible schemes for levels of sparseness specification.
Furthermore different approaches to importance compositing
are treated.",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics",
number = "4",
volume = "11",
pages = "408--418",
keywords = "non-photorealistic techniques, view-dependent visualization,
volume rendering, focus+context techniques, level-of-detail
techniques",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2005/viola-2005-imp/",
}
@inproceedings{grimm-2004-memory,
title = "Memory Efficient Acceleration Structures and Techniques for
CPU-based Volume Raycasting of Large Data",
author = "S\"{o}ren Grimm and Stefan Bruckner and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2004",
abstract = "Most CPU-based volume raycasting approaches achieve high
performance by advanced memory layouts, space subdivision,
and excessive pre-computing. Such approaches typically need
an enormous amount of memory. They are limited to sizes
which do not satisfy the medical data used in daily clinical
routine. We present a new volume raycasting approach based
on image-ordered raycasting with object-ordered processing,
which is able to perform high-quality rendering of very
large medical data in real-time on commodity computers. For
large medical data such as computed tomographic (CT)
angiography run-offs (512x512x1202) we achieve rendering
times up to 2.5 fps on a commodity notebook. We achieve this
by introducing a memory efficient acceleration technique for
on-the-fly gradient estimation and a memory efficient hybrid
removal and skipping technique of transparent regions. We
employ quantized binary histograms, granular resolution
octrees, and a cell invisibility cache. These acceleration
structures require just a small extra storage of
approximately 10%. ",
month = oct,
isbn = "0-7803-8781-3",
editor = "D. Silver, T. Ertl, C. Silva",
booktitle = "Proceedings IEEE/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Volume Visualization
and Graphics",
pages = "1--8",
keywords = "Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism,",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-memory/",
}
@inproceedings{GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P,
title = "Flexible Direct Multi-Volume Rendering in Interactive Scenes",
author = "S\"{o}ren Grimm and Stefan Bruckner and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2004",
abstract = "In this paper we describe methods to efficiently visualize
multiple ntersecting volumetric objects. We introduce the
concept of V-Objects. V-Objects represent abstract
properties of an object connected to a volumetric data
source. We present a method to perform direct volume
rendering of a scene comprised of an arbitrary number of
possibly intersecting V-Objects. The idea of our approach is
to distinguish between regions of intersection, which need
costly multi-volume processing, and regions containing only
one V-Object, which can be processed using a highly
efficient brick-wise volume traversal scheme. Using this
method, we achieve significant performance gains for
multi-volume rendering. We show possible medical
applications, such as surgical planning, diagnosis, and
education.",
month = oct,
location = "Stanford, USA",
booktitle = "Vision, Modeling, and Visualization (VMV)",
pages = "386--379",
keywords = "multi volume rendering, medical visualization, volume
raycasting",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-FDMX-P/",
}
@article{grimm-2004-arefined,
title = "A Refined Data Addressing and Processing Scheme to
Accelerate Volume Raycasting",
author = "S\"{o}ren Grimm and Stefan Bruckner and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2004",
abstract = "Most volume rendering systems based on CPU volume raycasting
still suffer from inefficient CPU utilization and high
memory usage. To target these issues we present a new
technique for efficient data addressing. Furthermore, we
introduce a new processing scheme for volume raycasting
which exploits thread-level parallelism—a technology now
supported by commodity computer architectures.",
month = oct,
issn = "0097-8493",
journal = "Computers & Graphics",
number = "5",
volume = "28",
booktitle = "Computer & Graphics, Vol. 28 (5)",
isbn = "0097-8493",
pages = "719--729",
keywords = "Volume Raycasting, Bricking, Parallel Co",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-arefined/",
}
@inproceedings{Viola-2004-ImpX2,
title = "Importance-Driven Volume Rendering",
author = "Ivan Viola and Armin Kanitsar and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2004",
abstract = "This paper introduces importance-driven volume rendering as
a novel technique for automatic focus and context display of
volumetric data. Our technique is a generalization of
cut-away views, which – depending on the viewpoint –
remove or suppress less important parts of a scene to reveal
more important underlying information. We automatize and
apply this idea to volumetric data. Each part of the
volumetric data is assigned an object importance which
encodes visibility priority. This property determines which
structures should be readily discernible and which
structures are less important. In those image regions, where
an object occludes more important structures it is displayed
more sparsely than in those areas where no occlusion occurs.
Thus the objects of interest are clearly visible. For each
object several representations, i.e., levels of sparseness,
are specified. The display of an individual object may
incorporate different levels of sparseness. The goal is to
emphasize important structures and to maximize the
information content in the final image. This paper also
discusses several possible schemes for level of sparseness
specification and different ways how object importance can
be composited to determine the final appearance of a
particular object.",
month = oct,
isbn = "0780387880",
publisher = "H. Rushmeier, G. Turk, J. van Wijk",
booktitle = "Proceedings of IEEE Visualization 2004",
pages = "139--145",
keywords = "view-dependent visualization, non-photorealistic techniques,
level-of-detail techniques, focus+context techniques, volume
rendering",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/Viola-2004-ImpX2/",
}
@article{grimm-2004-volume,
title = "VOTS: VOlume doTS as a Point-Based Representation of
Volumetric Data",
author = "S\"{o}ren Grimm and Stefan Bruckner and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2004",
abstract = "We present Volume dots (Vots), a new primitive for
volumetric data modelling, processing, and rendering. Vots
are a point-based representation of volumetric data. An
individual Vot is specified by the coefficients of a Taylor
series expansion, i.e. the function value and higher order
derivatives at a specific point. A Vot does not only
represent a single sample point, it represents the
underlying function within a region. With the Vots
representation we have a more intuitive and high-level
description of the volume data. This allows direct
analytical examination and manipulation of volumetric
datasets. Vots enable the representation of the underlying
scalar function with specified precision. User-centric
importance sampling is also possible, i.e., unimportant
volume parts are still present but represented with just
very few Vots. As proof of concept, we show Maximum
Intensity Projection based on Vots.",
month = sep,
journal = "Computer Graphics Forum",
volume = "23",
number = "3",
issn = "0167-7055",
pages = "668--661",
keywords = "Graphics Data Structures and Data Types",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/grimm-2004-volume/",
}
@techreport{GRIMM-2004-PPC,
title = "Parallel Peeling of Curvilinear Grids",
author = "S\"{o}ren Grimm and Michael Meissner and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2004",
abstract = "In this paper we present a novel hybrid CPU-GPU approach for
rendering curvilinear grids. Visibility sorting is
accomplished by parallel peeling cells off the grid,
utilizing an active cell peeling front. In each step, we
compute the ray-cell intersection coordinates on the GPU,
perform accurate volume integration (CPU), and determine the
set of active cells for the next iteration (GPU). The
approach requires only standard graphics capabilities and
can therefore be used on any commodity PC, including
laptops. Furthermore, the main memory requirements are
negligible since the required data structures are minimal.
The main advantage of our algorithm is that we exploit
hardware acceleration for the expensive visibility sorting
which is bene- ficial over time due to the faster
performance increase of GPUs over CPUs. Due to the
simplicity of the algorithm and its low requirements on
preprocessing and main memory, it is well suited for thin
clients. Last but not least, the approach could easily be
extended to irregular grids using tetrahedra.",
month = apr,
number = "TR-186-2-04-07",
address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria",
institution = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna
University of Technology ",
note = "human contact: technical-report@cg.tuwien.ac.at",
keywords = "Raycasting, Volume Rendering, Visibility Sorting,
Curvilinear grids, Depth Sorting",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/GRIMM-2004-PPC/",
}
@inproceedings{Viola-2004-GPU,
title = "GPU-based Frequency Domain Volume Rendering",
author = "Ivan Viola and Armin Kanitsar and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2004",
abstract = "Frequency domain volume rendering (FVR) is a volume
rendering technique with lower computational complexity as
compared to other techniques. In this paper the FVR
algorithm is accelerated by factor of 17 by mapping the
rendering stage to the GPU. The overall hardware-accelerated
pipeline is discussed and the changes according to previous
work are pointed out. The three-dimensional transformation
into frequency domain is done in a pre-processing step. The
rendering step is computed completely on the GPU. First the
projection slice is extracted. Four different interpolation
schemes are used for resampling the slice from the data
represented by a 3D texture. The extracted slice is
transformed back into the spatial domain using the inverse
Fast Fourier or Fast Hartley Transform. The rendering stage
is implemented through shader programs running on
programmable graphics hardware achieving highly interactive
framerates.",
month = apr,
isbn = "80-223-1730-6",
note = "second-best paper award!",
booktitle = "Proceedings of SCCG 2004",
pages = "49--58",
keywords = "Fourier Transform, Fourier Volume Rendering, Hardware
Acceleration",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/Viola-2004-GPU/",
}
@article{knapp-2004-semi,
title = "Semi-Automatic Topology Independent Contour-Based 2 1/2 D
Segmentation Using Live-Wire",
author = "Michael Knapp and Armin Kanitsar and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2004",
abstract = "In general three-dimensional segmentation algorithms assume
objects to have connected homogeneous regions. However in
some cases objects are defined by a fuzzy boundary surface
and consist of an inhomogeneous internal structure. In the
following a new three-dimensional segmentation technique
exploiting the contour detection capabilities of live-wire
is proposed. The algorithm consists of two basic steps.
First contours are outlined by the user on a small number of
planar cross-sections through the object using live-wire.
Second the traced contours are used for reconstructing the
object surface automatically in each slice using live-wire
again. This user-friendly segmentation algorithm is
independent from object topology as the topology is
implicitly defined during the reconstruction process.",
month = feb,
journal = "Journal of WSCG",
volume = "12",
number = "2",
issn = "1213-6972",
booktitle = "Journal of WSCG, Vol. 12, Number 2",
isbn = "1213-6972",
pages = "229--236",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/knapp-2004-semi/",
}
@techreport{Kanitsar-2004-Dia,
title = "Diagnostic Relevant Visualization of Vascular Structures",
author = "Armin Kanitsar and Dominik Fleischmann and Rainer Wegenkittl
and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2004",
abstract = "Traditional volume visualization techniques sometimes
provide incomplete clinical information needed for
applications in medical visualization. In the area of
vascular visualization important features such as the lumen
of a diseased vessel segment may not be visible. One way to
display vascular structures for diagnostic purposes is to
generate longitudinal cross-sections in order to show their
lumen, wall, and surrounding tissue in a curved plane.
Curved planar reformation (CPR) has proven to be an
acceptable practical solution. We discuss four different
methods to generate CPR images from single vessel segments:
Projected CPR, stretched CPR, straightened CPR, and helical
CPR. Furthermore we investigate three different methods for
displaying vascular trees: Multi-path projected CPR,
multi-path stretched CPR, and untangled CPR. The principle
concept of each method is discussed and detailed information
for the realization is given. In addition
the properties, advantages and disadvantages of each method
are summarized.",
month = jan,
number = "TR-186-2-04-02",
address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria",
institution = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna
University of Technology ",
note = "human contact: technical-report@cg.tuwien.ac.at",
keywords = "curved planar reformation, computed tomography angiography,
vessel analysis",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/Kanitsar-2004-Dia/",
}
@phdthesis{Kanitsar-thesis,
title = "Curved Planar Reformation for Vessel Visualization",
author = "Armin Kanitsar",
year = "2004",
address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria",
school = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna
University of Technology ",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2004/Kanitsar-thesis/",
}
@inproceedings{Viola-2003-Har,
title = "Hardware-Based Nonlinear Filtering and Segmentation using
High-Level Shading Languages.",
author = "Ivan Viola and Armin Kanitsar and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2003",
abstract = "Non-linear filtering is an important task for volume
analysis. This paper presents hardware-based implementations
of various nonlinear filters for volume smoothing with edge
preservation. The Cg high-level shading language is used in
combination with latest PC consumer graphics hardware.
Filtering is divided into pervertex and per-fragment stages.
In both stages we propose techniques to increase the
filtering performance. The vertex program pre-computes
texture coordinates in order to address all contributing
input samples of the operator mask. Thus additional
computations are avoided in the fragment program. The
presented fragment programs preserve cache coherence,
exploit 4D vector arithmetic, and internal fixed point
arithmetic to increase performance. We show the
applicability of non-linear filters as part of a GPU-based
segmentation pipeline. The resulting binary mask is
compressed and decompressed in the graphics memory
on-the-fly.",
month = oct,
isbn = "0780381203",
publisher = "IEEE",
editor = "G. Turk, J. van Wijk, K. Moorhead",
booktitle = "Proceedings of IEEE Visualization 2003",
pages = "309--316",
keywords = "Hardware Acceleration, Segmentation, Non-linear Filtering",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2003/Viola-2003-Har/",
}
@techreport{Kanitsar-2003-ADV,
title = "Advanced Curved Planar Reformation: Flattening of Vascular
Structures",
author = "Armin Kanitsar and Rainer Wegenkittl and Dominik Fleischmann
and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2003",
abstract = "Traditional volume visualization techniques may provide
incomplete clinical information needed for many applications
in medical visualization. Especially in the area of vascular
visualization important features such as the patent lumen of
a diseased vessel segment may not be visible. Curved Planar
Reformation (CPR) has proven to be an acceptable practical
solution. Existing CPR techniques, however, still have
diagnostically relevant limitations. In this paper we
introduce two advanced methods for efficient vessel
visualization, based on the concept of CPR. Both methods
benefit from relaxation of spatial coherence in favor of
improved feature perception. We present a new technique to
visualize the interior of a vessel in a single image. A
vessel is re-sampled along a spiral around the vessel
central axis. The helical spiral depicts the vessel volume.
Furthermore, a method to display an entire vascular tree
without mutually occluding vessels is presented. Minimal
rotations around the branching points of a vessel tree
eliminate occlusions. For each viewing
direction the entire vessel structure is visible.",
month = may,
number = "TR-186-2-03-08",
address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria",
institution = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna
University of Technology ",
note = "human contact: technical-report@cg.tuwien.ac.at",
keywords = "curved planar reformation, vessel analysis, computed
tomography angiography",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2003/Kanitsar-2003-ADV/",
}
@techreport{Knapp-2003-SAT,
title = "Semi-Automatic Topology Independent Contour-Based 2 1/2 D
Segmentation Using Live-Wire",
author = "Michael Knapp and Armin Kanitsar and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2003",
abstract = "In general three-dimensional segmentation algorithms assume
objects to have connected homogeneous regions. However in
some cases objects are defined by a fuzzy boundary surface
and consist of an inhomogeneous internal structure. In the
following a new three-dimensional segmentation technique
exploiting the contour detection capabilities of live-wire
is proposed: The algorithm consists of two basic steps.
First contours are outlined by the user on a small number of
planar cross-sections through the object using live-wire.
Second the traced contours are used for reconstructing the
object surface automatically in each slice using live-wire
again. This user-friendly segmentation algorithm is
independent from object topology as the topology is
implicitly defined during the
reconstruction process.",
month = mar,
number = "TR-186-2-03-06",
address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria",
institution = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna
University of Technology ",
note = "human contact: technical-report@cg.tuwien.ac.at",
keywords = "connectivity graph, image processing, live-wire,
segmentation",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2003/Knapp-2003-SAT/",
}
@inproceedings{Kanitsar-2003-CTa,
title = "CT angiography: Multi-path curved planar reformation of the
peripheral arterial tree",
author = "Armin Kanitsar and Dominik Fleischmann and Rainer Wegenkittl
and Petr Felkel and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2003",
publisher = "ECR",
booktitle = "European Congress of Radiology",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2003/Kanitsar-2003-CTa/",
}
@inproceedings{Koechl-2003-Com,
title = "Comprehensive assessment of peripheral arteries using
multi-path curved planar reformation of CTA datasets",
author = "Arnold K\"{o}chl and Armin Kanitsar and F. Lomoschitz and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller and Dominik Fleischmann",
year = "2003",
publisher = "ECR",
booktitle = "European Congress of Radiology",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2003/Koechl-2003-Com/",
}
@inproceedings{Kanitsar-2003-Adva,
title = "Advanced Curved Planar Reformation: Flattering of Vascular
Structures",
author = "Armin Kanitsar and Rainer Wegenkittl and Dominik Fleischmann
and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2003",
isbn = "0780381203",
publisher = "IEEE",
editor = "G. Turk, J. van Wijk, K. Moorhead",
booktitle = "Proceedings of IEEE Visualization",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2003/Kanitsar-2003-Adva/",
}
@inproceedings{Kanitsar-2003-Dem,
title = "Demonstration of different segmentation and visualization
techniques by means of a complex real world object
exemplified by a Christmas tree",
author = "Armin Kanitsar and Dominik Fleischmann and Thomas Theu{\ss}l
and Lukas Mroz and Milo\v{s} \v{S}r\'{a}mek and Eduard
Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2003",
publisher = "ECR",
booktitle = "European Congress of Radiology",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2003/Kanitsar-2003-Dem/",
}
@techreport{Csebfalvi-2002-SBICG,
title = "Smooth Shape-Based Interpolation using the Conjugate
Gradient Method",
author = "Bal\'{a}zs Cs\'{e}bfalvi and L\'{a}szl\'{o} Neumann and
Armin Kanitsar and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2002",
abstract = "In this paper a novel technique for smooth shape-based
interpolation of volume data is introduced. Previously
simple linear interpolation of signed distance maps has been
used in practice. As it will be shown, this approach results
in artifacts, since sharp edges appear along the original
slices. In order to obtain a smooth 3D implicit function
generated by interpolating 2D distance maps, we use a global
interpolation method instead of a higher order local
technique. The global curvature of the implicit function
representing an isosurface is minimized using an iterative
conjugate gradient method. Because of the iterative approach
the user can easily control the trade-off between the
smoothness of the isosurface and the computational cost of
the refinement. As opposed to previous techniques, like
variational interpolation, our method can generate a
reasonably good approximation of the ideal solution in a
significantly shorter time.",
month = aug,
number = "TR-186-2-02-10",
address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria",
institution = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna
University of Technology ",
note = "human contact: technical-report@cg.tuwien.ac.at",
keywords = "shape-based interpolation, conjugate gradient method, volume
rendering",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2002/Csebfalvi-2002-SBICG/",
}
@techreport{Wallisch-2002-INF,
title = "Information Highlighting by Color Dependent Depth Perception
with Chromo-Stereoscopy",
author = "Bernd Wallisch and Wolfgang Meyer and Armin Kanitsar and
Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2002",
abstract = "Due to characteristics of the human visual system different
colors induce different depth perception. This
chromo-stereoscopy has been already used for 3D data to
enhance a third spatial dimension. We propose to use
chromo-stereoscopy for 2D abstract data. Color coding
introduces a depth cue which encodes relevance with
chromo-stereoscopy. The focus information literally stands
out as compared to the context information. We applied this
technique on two-dimensional graphs and multi-layer
representations. Our approach can also be
easily combined with other focus+context methods.",
month = jul,
number = "TR-186-2-02-08",
address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria",
institution = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna
University of Technology ",
note = "human contact: technical-report@cg.tuwien.ac.at",
keywords = "animation, multi-layer, graphs, focus+context,
chromo-stereoscopy",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2002/Wallisch-2002-INF/",
}
@techreport{kanitsar-2002-Chr,
title = "Christmas Tree Case Study: Computed Tomography as a Tool for
Mastering Complex Real World Objects with Applications in
Computer Graphics",
author = "Armin Kanitsar and Thomas Theu{\ss}l and Lukas Mroz and
Milo\v{s} \v{S}r\'{a}mek and Anna Vilanova i Bartroli and
Bal\'{a}zs Cs\'{e}bfalvi and Ji\v{r}\'{i} Hlad\r{u}vka and
Stefan Guthe and Michael Knapp and Rainer Wegenkittl and
Petr Felkel and Dominik Fleischmann and Werner Purgathofer
and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2002",
abstract = "We report on using computed tomography (CT) as a model
acquisition tool for complex objects in computer graphics.
Unlike other modeling and scanning techniques the complexity
of the object is irrelevant in CT, which naturally enables
to model objects with, for example, concavities, holes,
twists or fine surface details. Once the data is scanned,
one can apply post-processing techniques aimed at its
further enhancement, modification or presentation. For
demonstration purposes we chose to scan a Christmas tree
which exhibits high complexity which is difficult or even
impossible to handle with other techniques. However, care
has to be taken to achieve good scanning results with CT.
Further, we illustrate the post-processing by means of data
segmentation and photorealistic as well as
non-photorealistic surface and volume rendering
techniques.",
month = mar,
number = "TR-186-2-02-07",
address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria",
institution = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna
University of Technology ",
note = "human contact: technical-report@cg.tuwien.ac.at",
keywords = "volume visualization, computed tomography, modeling",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2002/kanitsar-2002-Chr/",
}
@techreport{kanitsar-2002-CPRX,
title = "CPR - Curved Planar Reformation",
author = "Armin Kanitsar and Dominik Fleischmann and Rainer Wegenkittl
and Petr Felkel and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2002",
abstract = "Visualization of tubular structures such as blood vessels is
an important topic in medical imaging. One way to display
tubular structures for diagnostic purposes is to generate
longitudinal cross-sections in order to show their lumen,
wall, and surrounding tissue in a curved plane. This process
is called Curved Planar Reformation (CPR). We present three
different methods to generate CPR images. A tube-phantom was
scanned with Computed Tomography (CT) to illustrate the
properties of the different CPR methods. Furthermore we
introduce enhancements to these methods: thick-CPR,
rotating-CPR and multi-path-CPR.",
month = mar,
number = "TR-186-2-02-06",
address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria",
institution = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna
University of Technology ",
note = "human contact: technical-report@cg.tuwien.ac.at",
keywords = "curved planar reformation, vessel analysis, computed
tomography angiography",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2002/kanitsar-2002-CPRX/",
}
@inproceedings{Kanitsar-2002-Chri,
title = "Christmas Tree Case Study: Computed Tomography as a Tool for
Mastering Complex Real World Objects with Applications in
Computer Graphics",
author = "Armin Kanitsar",
year = "2002",
publisher = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
booktitle = "Proceedings of IEEE Visualization",
pages = "489--492",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2002/Kanitsar-2002-Chri/",
}
@inproceedings{Csebfalvi-2002-Smo,
title = "Smooth Shape-Based Interpolation using the Conjugate
Gradient Method",
author = "Bal\'{a}zs Cs\'{e}bfalvi and L\'{a}szl\'{o} Neumann and
Armin Kanitsar and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2002",
publisher = "Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Aka GmbH, Berlin",
booktitle = "Vision, Modeling, and Visualization 2002",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2002/Csebfalvi-2002-Smo/",
}
@inproceedings{Kanitsar-2002-CPR,
title = "CPR- Curved Planar Reformation",
author = "Armin Kanitsar and Dominik Fleischmann and Rainer Wegenkittl
and Petr Felkel and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2002",
publisher = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
booktitle = "IEEE Visualization 2002",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2002/Kanitsar-2002-CPR/",
}
@techreport{Kanitsar-2001-PVI,
title = "Peripheral Vessel Investigation For Routine Clinical Use",
author = "Armin Kanitsar and Rainer Wegenkittl and Petr Felkel and
Dominik Fleischmann and Dominique Sandner and Eduard
Gr\"{o}ller",
year = "2001",
abstract = "This paper is about computed tomography angiography based
vessel exploration. Large image sequences of the lower
extremities are investigated in a clinical environment. Two
different approaches for peripheral vessel diagnosis dealing
with stenosis and calcification detection are introduced.
The paper presents an automated vessel-tracking tool for
curved planar reformation. A user interactive
segmentation tool for bone removal is proposed.",
month = mar,
number = "TR-186-2-01-13",
address = "Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E193-02, A-1040 Vienna, Austria",
institution = "Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna
University of Technology ",
note = "human contact: technical-report@cg.tuwien.ac.at",
keywords = "optimal path computation, semi automated segmentation, CTA",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2001/Kanitsar-2001-PVI/",
}
@misc{Kanitsar-2001-Pos,
title = "Postprocessing and Visualization of Peripheral CTA Data in
Clinical Environments",
author = "D. Sandner and Armin Kanitsar and Dominik Fleischmann and
Rainer Wegenkittl and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller and Petr Felkel",
year = "2001",
note = "Central European Seminar on Computer Graphics (CESCG'2001),
Budmerice, Slovakia, April 23-25, 2001",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2001/Kanitsar-2001-Pos/",
}
@misc{Kanitsar-2001-Per,
title = "Peripheral Vessel Investigation for Routine Clinical Use",
author = "D. Sandner and Armin Kanitsar and Dominik Fleischmann and
Rainer Wegenkittl and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller and Petr Felkel",
year = "2001",
note = "Proceedings of IEEE
Visualization 2001, October 2001, San Diego, USA, pp.
91-98
",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2001/Kanitsar-2001-Per/",
}
@misc{Kanitsar-2001-Aut,
title = "Automated Vessel Detection at Lower Extremity Multislice CTA",
author = "D. Sandner and Armin Kanitsar and Dominik Fleischmann and
Rainer Wegenkittl and Eduard Gr\"{o}ller and Petr Felkel",
year = "2001",
note = "European Congress of Radiology 2001 (ECR 2001), March 2-6
2001, Vienna",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2001/Kanitsar-2001-Aut/",
}
@xmascard{xmas-2001,
title = "X-Mas 2001",
author = "Armin Kanitsar",
year = "2001",
abstract = "This picture shows a volume rendering visualization of a
CT-Scan of a real world christmas tree. Created by the
Vis-Group in cooperation with the general hospital vienna.",
URL = "https://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2001/xmas-2001/",
}