%last updated on 24.11.97 by A. Endemann

\documentclass[runningheads]{llncs}

\input{psfig.sty}

\begin{document}

\pagestyle{headings}
\mainmatter

\title{Lecture Notes in Computer Science:\\Authors' Instructions
for the Preparation\\of Camera-Ready
Contributions\\to LNCS/LNAI Proceedings}

\titlerunning{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}

\author{Alfred Hofmann\inst{1} \and Antje Endemann\inst{1} \and Anna
Kramer\inst{1} \and Andrea Washington\inst{1} \and Angelika
Bernauer-Budiman\inst{2} \and Anita B\"urk\inst{3}}

\authorrunning{Alfred Hofmann et al.}

\institute{Springer-Verlag, Computer Science Editorial III,
Postfach 10 52 80,\\
D-69042 Heidelberg, Germany\\
\email{\{Hofmann, Endemann, Kramer, Washington, LNCS\}@Springer.de}\\
\texttt{http://www.springer.de/comp/lncs/index.html}
\and
Springer-Verlag, Computer Science Production, Postfach 10 52 80,\\
D-69042 Heidelberg, Germany\\
\email{Bernauer@Springer.de}
\and
Springer-Verlag, Product Manager for Computer Science, Postfach 10 52
80,\\
D-69042 Heidelberg, Germany\\
\email{Buerk@Springer.de}}

\maketitle

\begin{abstract}
The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper and should
contain at least 70 and at most 150 words. It should be set in 9-point
font size and should be inset 1.0~cm from the right and left margins.
There should be two blank (10-point) lines before and after the
abstract.
\dots
\end{abstract}


\section{Introduction}

The preparation of manuscripts which are to be reproduced by
photo-offset requires special care. Papers submitted in a
technically unsuitable form will be returned for retyping, or canceled
if the volume cannot otherwise be finished on time.

\subsection{New Feature: LNCS Online from 1998 on}

Springer-Verlag now provides the full-text version of
the LNCS and LNAI proceedings online. Therefore please
submit, together with your own printout of the final version of your
contribution (which cannot be modified at a later stage), your source
(input) files, e.g. TEX files for the text
and PS or EPS files for figures, the final DVI file (for papers prepared
using \LaTeX\ or \TeX), the final
PS file\footnote{When generating the PS file please avoid using the
option ``reverse order".}, and, if possible, a PDF file of the final
version of your contribution. Make sure that the text is
{\em identical} in all cases.


\section{Manuscript Preparation}

You are strongly encouraged to use \LaTeX\ (or \TeX) for the
preparation of your
camera-ready manuscript together with the corresponding Springer
class/style files \verb+llncs+ for \LaTeX\ (or \verb+plncs+ for \TeX);
see Sect.~\ref{sect:TeX}. Only if you use \LaTeX2$_\varepsilon$ can
hyperlinks be generated in the online version of your manuscript.

If you are unable to use \LaTeX, you may use MS Word together with the
template sv-lncs.dot (see Sect.~\ref{sect:Word}) or any other text
processing system. In the latter case, please follow
these instructions closely in order to make the volume
look as uniform as possible.


\subsection{Printing Area}
The printing area is $122  \; \mbox{mm} \times 193 \;
\mbox{mm}$.
The text should be justified to occupy the full line width,
so that the right margin is not ragged, with words hyphenated as
appropriate. Please fill pages so that the length of the text
is no less than 185~mm.

\subsection{Layout, Typeface, and Font Sizes}
Use 10-point type for the name(s) of the author(s) and 9-point type for
the address(es) and the abstract. For the main text, use 10-point
type and single-line spacing.
We recommend using Computer Modern Roman (CM) fonts, Times, or one
of the similar typefaces widely used in phototypesetting.
(In these typefaces the letters have serifs, i.e., short endstrokes at
the head and the foot of letters.)

Italic type may be used to emphasize words in running text. Bold
type and underlining should be avoided.

With these sizes, the interline distance should be set so that some 45
lines occur on a full-text page.

\subsubsection{Headings.}

Headings should be capitalized
(i.e., nouns, verbs, and all other words
except articles, prepositions, and conjunctions should be set with an
initial capital) and should,
with the exception of the title, be aligned to the left. The font sizes
are given in Table~\ref{table:headings}.
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{4pt}
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\caption{Font sizes of headings}
\label{table:headings}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
Heading level & Example & Font size and style\\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
Title (centered)  & {\Large \bf Lecture Notes \dots} & 14 point, bold\\
1st-level heading & {\large \bf 1 Introduction} & 12 point, bold\\
2nd-level heading & {\bf 2.1 Printing Area} & 10 point, bold\\
3rd-level heading & {\bf Headings.} Text follows \dots & 10 point, bold
\\
4th-level heading & {\it Remark.} Text follows \dots & 10 point,
italic\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{1.4pt}

\subsection{Figures and Photographs}
\label{sect:figures}

Please produce your figures electronically, if possible,
and integrate them into your text file. For \LaTeX\ users
we recommend using the style files \verb+psfig+ or \verb+epsf+
(see Sect.~\ref{sect:TeX}).

Check that in line drawings, lines are not
interrupted and have constant width. Grids and details within the
figures must be clearly readable and may not be written one on top of
the other. Line drawings should have a resolution of at least 800 dpi
(preferably 1200 dpi).
For digital halftones 300 dpi is usually sufficient.
The lettering in figures should have a height of 2~mm (10-point type).
Figures should be scaled up or down accordingly.
If possible, the files of figures (e.g. PS files) should not contain
binary data, but be saved in ASCII format.

If you cannot provide your figures electronically,
paste originals into the manuscript and center them between the
margins; if no originals of the required size are
available, figures may be photoreduced and copies pasted into the
text. For halftone figures (photos), please forward high-contrast glossy
prints and mark the space in the text as well as the back of the
photos clearly, so that there can be no doubt about where or which
way up they should be placed.

Figures should be numbered and each should have a legend. Center the
legends between the margins and set them in 9-point type
(Fig.~\ref{fig:example} shows an example).
The distance between text and figure should be about 8~mm, the
distance between figure and legend about 5~mm.
\begin{figure}
\centerline{\psfig{figure=eijkel2.eps,height=7cm}}
\caption{One kernel at $x_s$ ({\it dotted kernel}) or two kernels at
$x_i$ and $x_j$ ({\it left and right}) lead to the same summed estimate
at $x_s$. This shows a figure consisting of different types of
lines to describe individual aspects. The description of elements within
the figure should be set italic, in parentheses,
as shown in this sample figure legend. The last
sentence of a figure caption should generally end without a period}
\label{fig:example}
\end{figure}

If possible (e.g. if you use \LaTeX) please define figures as floating
objects. \LaTeX\ users, please avoid furthermore using the location
parameter ``h'' for ``here''. If you have to insert a pagebreak before a
figure, please ensure that the previous page is completely filled.


\paragraph{Remark 1.}

In the printed volumes, illustrations are generally black and white
(halftones), and only in exceptional cases, and if the author is
prepared
to cover the extra cost for color reproduction, are color pictures
accepted. If color illustrations are necessary, please send us
color-separated files if possible.
Color pictures are welcome in the electronic version at no additional
cost.

\paragraph{Remark 2.}

To ensure that we can reproduce your pictures in reasonable
quality we advise against using shading. The pictures
should have good contrast. This particularly applies for screenshots.


\subsection{Formulas}

Displayed equations or formulas are centered and set on a separate
line (with an extra line or halfline space above and below). Displayed
expressions should be numbered for reference. The numbers should be
consecutive within each section or within the contribution,
with numbers enclosed in parentheses and set on the right margin.
For example,
\begin{equation}
  \psi (u) = \int_{o}^{T} \left[\frac{1}{2}
  \left(\Lambda_{o}^{-1} u,u\right) + N^{\ast} (-u)\right] dt \;  .
\end{equation}

Punctuate a displayed equation in the same way as ordinary
text but with a small space before the end punctuation.
\LaTeX\ users can find more examples of how to typeset equations in the
file \verb+llncs.dem+ (see Sect.~\ref{sect:TeX}).


\subsection{Program Code}

Program listings or program commands in the text are normally set in
typewriter font, e.g., CMTT10 or Courier.

\medskip\noindent
{\it Example of a Computer Program}
\begin{verbatim}
program Inflation (Output)
  {Assuming annual inflation rates of 7%, 8%, and 10%,...
   years};
   const
     MaxYears = 10;
   var
     Year: 0..MaxYears;
     Factor1, Factor2, Factor3: Real;
   begin
     Year := 0;
     Factor1 := 1.0; Factor2 := 1.0; Factor3 := 1.0;
     WriteLn('Year  7% 8% 10%'); WriteLn;
     repeat
       Year := Year + 1;
       Factor1 := Factor1 * 1.07;
       Factor2 := Factor2 * 1.08;
       Factor3 := Factor3 * 1.10;
       WriteLn(Year:5,Factor1:7:3,Factor2:7:3,Factor3:7:3)
     until Year = MaxYears
end.
\end{verbatim}
%
\noindent
{\small (Example from Jensen K., Wirth N. (1991) Pascal user manual and
report. Springer, New York)}


\subsection{Footnotes}

The superscript numeral used to refer to a footnote appears in the text
either directly after the word to be discussed or -- in relation to a
phrase or a sentence -- following the punctuation sign (comma,
semicolon, or period). The footnotes should appear at the bottom of
the
normal text area, with a line 2~cm long set immediately
above them.\footnote{The footnote numeral is set flush left
and the text follows with the usual word spacing. Second and subsequent
lines are indented. Footnotes should end with a period.}

\subsection{Citations}

The list of references is headed ``References" and is not assigned a
number
in the decimal system of headings. The list should be set in small print
and placed at the end of your contribution.
Please do not insert a pagebreak before the list of references if the
page is not completely filled.
An example is given at the
end of this information sheet. For citations in the text please use
square brackets and consecutive numbers: \cite{bal:cha:gra:pae},
\cite{bru:car:pier}, \cite{leeuw}, \dots

\subsection{Page Numbering and Running Heads}

Your paper should show no printed page numbers; they are allocated by
the volume editor. Indicate the ordering of your pages by numbering
the sheets in pencil at the bottom of the
reverse side. Do not set running heads.

\subsection{Printing Quality}

For reproduction we need sheets which are printed on one side only.
Please use a high-resolution printer, preferably a laser printer
with at least 300 dpi. We prefer
the text to be centered on the pages (i.e., equal margins left and
right and top and bottom).


\section{Using \LaTeX\ or \TeX}
\label{sect:TeX}

You will get the best results and your files will be easiest to handle
if you use \LaTeX2$_\varepsilon$ for the preparation of your
camera-ready manuscript
together with the corresponding Springer class file
\verb+llncs.cls+. Only if you use \LaTeX2$_\varepsilon$ can
hyperlinks be generated in the online version of your manuscript.

If you are unable to use \LaTeX2$_\varepsilon$ you may use one of our
old macro packages \verb+llncs+ (for \LaTeX) or \verb+plncs+ (for \TeX).


\subsection{How to Access the Springer \LaTeX2$_\varepsilon$,
\LaTeX,\\and \TeX\ Macro Packages}

For users of \LaTeX\ (or \TeX) Springer-Verlag provides the macro
package \verb+llncs+ for \LaTeX\ (or \verb+plncs+ for \TeX). The
packages can be obtained by ftp/gopher or by email as follows:

\begin{description}
\item[Ftp:]
The internet address is \verb+trick.ntp.springer.de+, the user ID is
\verb+ftp+ or \verb+anonymous+. Please enter your email address as
password. The files (mentioned above) can be found in \verb+/pub/tex+.
In the directory\\
\verb+  ftp://trick.ntp.springer.de/pub/tex/latex/llncs/latex2e+\\
you will find all files belonging to the \LaTeX2$_\varepsilon$ package
for LNCS.
\verb+llncs.dem+ is a sample input file which you
may take as a source for your own input. \verb+llncs.doc+ is the
documentation of the class; \verb+llncs.dvi+ the resulting DVI file of
\verb+llncs.doc+.
\item[Gopher:]
Point your client to \verb+trick.ntp.springer.de+.
\item[Mailserver:]
Send an email message to
\verb+svserv@vax.ntp.springer.de+  containing the line\\
\verb+  get /tex/latex/llncs2e.zip  +to get the
\LaTeX2$_\varepsilon$ style files,\\
\verb+  get /tex/latex/llncs.zip    +to get the \LaTeX\
style files, or\\
\verb+  get /tex/plain/plncs.zip    +to get the \TeX\
style files.\\
Sending \verb+help+ to the server prompts advice on how to interact
with the mail server. The style files must be unzipped and
uu-decoded before use. In case of problems in getting or uu-decoding the
style files please contact \verb+springer@vax.ntp.springer.de+.
\end{description}

\subsection{Further Instructions for \LaTeX\ and \TeX\ Users}

Please always cancel any superfluous definitions that are
not actually used in your text. If you don't, these may conflict with
the definitions of the macro package, causing changes in the structure
of the text and leading to numerous mistakes in the proofs.

When you use \LaTeX\ or \TeX\ and our macro packages, your text is
typeset automatically in Computer Modern Roman (CM) fonts. Please do
{\it not} change the preset fonts. If you have to use fonts other
than the preset fonts, please submit these with your files.

Please use the commands \verb+\label+ and \verb+\ref+ for
cross-references and the commands \verb+\bibitem+ and \verb+\cite+ for
references to the bibliography, to enable us to create hyperlinks at
these places.

For preparing your figures electronically and integrating them into
your TEX file we recommend using the style files \verb+psfig+ or
\verb+epsf+. You can download them from the DANTE ftp server at the
locations\\
\indent \verb+ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/graphics/psfig/psfig.sty+
or\\ \indent
\verb+ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/systems/knuth/local/lib/epsf.tex+.\\
In the past, these styles have worked smoothly with our macro package.

In general, please refrain from using the \verb+\special+ command.
For further details about figure preparation see
Sect.~\ref{sect:figures}.

Remember to submit the psfig or epsf files and further style files and
fonts you have used together with your source files.


\section{Using MS Word}
\label{sect:Word}

We do not encourage the use of MS word, particularly as the layout of
the pages (the position of figures and paragraphs) can change from
printout to printout. Having said this, we do provide the template
sv-lncs.dot to help MS Word users
to prepare their camera-ready manuscripts and to
enable us to use their source files for the online version of the LNCS.

The template sv-lncs.dot and its documentation can be downloaded from
the LNCS Web page \verb+http://www.springer.de/comp/lncs/authors.html+.

\section{Supplementary Material}

If you wish to include color illustrations in the electronic
version in place of or in addition to any black and white illustrations
in the printed version, please provide us with the appropriate files.

If you have supplementary material, e.g., executable files, video clips,
or audio recordings, on your server, simply send us a short description
of the supplementary material and inform us of the URL at which it can
be found.
We will add the description of the supplementary material in the online
version of LNCS and create a link to your server.


\section{Copyright Form}

Until now, we have always had a very liberal policy regarding copyright.
However, we have now had to introduce a copyright form, which we ask
all contributing authors to complete and
sign. (It is sufficient if one author from each contribution signs
the form on behalf of all the other authors.)
The copyright form is
located on our Web page at
\verb+http://www.springer.de/comp/lncs/authors.html+.
The printed form should be completed and signed and sent
on to the volume editors either by normal mail or by fax, who then send
it on to us, together with the printed manuscript.


\section{Checklist}

When submitting your camera-ready manuscript to the volume editor,
please make sure you include the following:
\begin{itemize}
\item a printout (not a photocopy) of the final version of your
contribution
(unless otherwise specified by the volume editor),
\item your source (input) files, e.g. TEX files for the text and PS or
EPS files for the figures,
\item any style files, templates, and special fonts you may have used,
\item the final DVI file (for papers prepared using \LaTeX\ or  \TeX),
\item the final PS file (not in reverse order),
\item if possible, a PDF file of the final version of your
contribution,
\item the completed and signed copyright form.
\end{itemize}

\noindent
If supplementary material is available, please provide us with
\begin{itemize}
\item a short description of the supplementary material,
\item the URL at which it can be found,
\item the files of color figures for the electronic version.
\end{itemize}


\begin{thebibliography}{4}
%
\bibitem{bal:cha:gra:pae}
Baldonado, M., Chang, C.-C.K., Gravano, L., Paepcke, A.:
The Stanford Digital Library Metadata Architecture.
Int. J. Digit. Libr. {\bf 1} (1997) 108--121
%
\bibitem{bru:car:pier}
Bruce, K.B., Cardelli, L., Pierce, B.C.:
Comparing Object Encodings.
In: Abadi,~M., Ito,~T. (eds.):
Theoretical Aspects of Computer Software.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.~1281.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1997) 415--438
%
\bibitem{leeuw}
van Leeuwen, J. (ed.):
Computer Science Today. Recent Trends and Developments.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.~1000.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1995)
%
\bibitem{mich}
Michalewicz, Z.:
Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs.
3rd edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1996)
%
\end{thebibliography}


\section*{Appendix: Springer-Author Discount}

{\it All authors or editors of Springer books}, in particular authors
contributing to any LNCS or LNAI proceedings volume, are entitled to buy
any book published by Springer-Verlag for personal use at the
``Springer-author" discount of one third off the list price. Such
preferential orders can only be processed through Springer directly
(and not through book stores); reference to a Springer publication has
to be given with such orders. Any Springer office may be contacted,
particularly those in Berlin and New York:
\newpage
\begin{tabbing}
Order Processing Department \hspace{1.5cm} \= \kill
Springer-Verlag \> Springer-Verlag New York Inc.\\
Order Processing Department \> P.O. Box 2485\\
Postfach 31 13 40 \> Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485, USA\\
D-10643 Berlin \> Fax:   +1 201 348 4505\\
Germany \> Phone: +1-800-SPRINGER\\
Fax: +49 30 82787 301 \> (+1 800 777 4643), toll-free in USA\\
\end{tabbing}

\noindent Preferential orders can also be placed by sending an email
to\\

\vspace{-3mm}
\indent            \verb+orders@springer.de+
                   or \verb+orders@springer-ny.com+.\\
\vspace{-3mm}

\noindent Shipping charges are DM~5.00 per book for orders sent to
Berlin, and US~\$~3.00 (plus US~\$~1.00 for each additional book) for
orders sent to the Secaucus office.
Sales tax is required for residents of: CA, IL, MA, MO, NJ, NY, PA, TX,
VA, and VT. Canadian residents please add 7\% GST.
Payment for the book(s) plus shipping charges can be made by giving a
credit card number together with the expiration date (American Express,
Eurocard/Mastercard, Discover, and Visa are accepted) or by enclosing a
check (mail orders only).

\end{document}
